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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 29.
Published in final edited form as: Am Econ J Econ Policy. 2023 Nov;15(4):37–74. doi: 10.1257/pol.20210625
No Previous C-section Previous C-section
(1)
Mean
(2)
β
(3)
p-value
(4)
Mean
(5)
β
(6)
p-value
Bed Days 2.038 0.045
(0.049)
0.289 2.550 0.459***
(0.064)
0.616
Bassinet Days 2.166 0.122
(0.083)
0.357 2.985 0.142
(0.256)
0.382
RWP 0.444 0.007***
(0.003)
0.145 0.695 0.021***
(0.005)
0.522
Procedures 2.207 0.188
(0.119)
0.824 1.900 −0.161
(0.099)
0.088
Diagnostics 0.088 0.062***
(0.014)
0.690 0.139 0.063**
(0.032)
0.963
C-Section 0.060 0.017***
(0.005)
0.312 0.895 0.066***
(0.011)
0.778
Severe Complication 0.036 −0.019***
(0.004)
0.076 0.036 −0.023***
(0.008)
0.326
Preventable Complication 0.221 −0.101***
(0.022)
0.992 0.089 −0.041***
(0.014)
0.701
Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity 0.009 0.000
(0.002)
0.142 0.021 −0.009
(0.005)
0.552
28-Day Infant Mortality (per 1,000) 0.727 −0.044
(0.585)
0.858 1.051 −1.253
(1.326)
0.836
1-Year Infant Mortality (per 1,000) 1.583 −0.159
(0.753)
0.993 1.553 −1.264
(1.993)
0.381
Unplanned Readmissions (per 1,000) 10.036 −4.398**
(1.721)
0.382 18.696 −7.534
(4.647)
0.359
Unplanned Child Readmission (per 1,000) 37.200 −6.319
(5.400)
0.881 32.490 −6.665
(6.213)
0.052
s30-Day Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) 53.542 −15.261**
(5.804)
0.837 55.116 −19.344*
(10.749)
0.931
1-Year Unplanned Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) 84.628 −9.905
(6.313)
0.334 83.429 −0.908
(9.725)
0.017
Any 1-Year Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) 101.190 −19.434***
(6.862)
0.305 104.977 −13.397
(12.255)
0.183
N 73,059 22,714

Notes: All estimates considered in this table are the first difference between the current and prior birth admission. Means are shown for the current birth. The sample is split by whether the mother had a C-section at the previous birth. All regressions use the preferred instrumented specification and include controls for calendar year, age group, sponsor’s pay grade and occupation, and sponsor’s race. Standard errors are clustered at the base level.