Table 4:
Differenced Outcomes
| OLS | IV | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) Mean |
(2) β |
(3) β |
(4) p-value |
|
| Bed Days | 2.159 | 0.233*** (0.034) |
0.147*** (0.046) |
0.580 |
| Bassinet Days | 2.361 | 0.430*** (0.069) |
0.120 (0.092) |
0.905 |
| RWP | 0.503 | 0.014*** (0.002) |
0.011*** (0.003) |
0.477 |
| Procedures | 2.134 | 0.029 (0.076) |
0.105 (0.108) |
0.822 |
| Diagnostics | 0.100 | 0.104*** (0.009) |
0.062*** (0.015) |
0.774 |
| C-Section | 0.282 | 0.036*** (0.004) |
0.029*** (0.005) |
0.479 |
| Severe Complication | 0.036 | −0.019*** (0.003) |
−0.020*** (0.004) |
0.053 |
| Preventable Complication | 0.189 | −0.081*** (0.016) |
−0.087*** (0.019) |
0.726 |
| Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity | 0.012 | 0.000 (0.001) |
−0.002 (0.002) |
0.172 |
| 28-Day Infant Mortality (per 1,000) | 0.804 | −0.149 (0.282) |
−0.352 (0.633) |
0.997 |
| 1-Year Infant Mortality (per 1,000) | 1.576 | −0.730* (0.380) |
−0.487 (0.817) |
0.557 |
| Unplanned Readmissions (per 1,000) | 12.089 | −6.057*** (1.373) |
−5.478*** (1.947) |
0.801 |
| Unplanned Child Readmission (per 1,000) | 36.080 | −4.494 (3.081) |
−6.515 (4.877) |
0.338 |
| 30-Day Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) | 53.917 | −6.657* (3.762) |
−16.272*** (5.757) |
0.856 |
| 1-Year Unplanned Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) | 84.343 | −4.895 (3.816) |
−7.742 (5.860) |
0.070 |
| Any 1-Year Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) | 102.091 | −7.385* (4.091) |
−17.894*** (6.668) |
0.174 |
| N | 95,773 | 95,773 | ||
Notes: All outcomes in this table are the first difference between the current and prior birth admission. All mothers in the sample moved across bases between births. Column 1 shows mean outcomes for the current birth. Column 2 shows OLS estimates of the effect of a change in off-base admission between the current and prior birth. Possible values for the change in off-base are 1 (for a change from on to off-base), 0 (for no change), and −1 (for a change from off to on base). This specification includes an indicator for whether the prior birth took place off base. Column 3 shows 2SLS estimates where the change in off-base admission is instrumented with indicators for a move from MTF hospital to no MTF hospital, or from no MTF hospital to MTF hospital. MTF hospital is defined as the zip code of residence being within 40 miles of a hospital-level MTF with inpatient services. All moves are across bases. Column 4 reports the p-value from an overidentification test, where the null hypothesis is that the instruments are uncorrelated with the error term. The previous birth location indicator is also instrumented with an indicator for whether the mother lived within 40 miles of an MTF hospital. All regressions include controls for calendar year, age group, sponsor’s pay grade and occupation, and sponsor’s race. Standard errors are clustered at the base level.