Table 5:
Specification Checks
| Risk Factor Controls | Lagged Outcomes | Alternate Instrument | One System | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | |
| Mean | β | p-value | β | p-value | β | p-value | β | p-value | |
| Bed Days | 2.159 | 0.151*** (0.047) |
0.526 | −0.034 (0.022) |
0.473 | 0.195*** (0.068) |
0.380 | 0.213*** (0.046) |
0.885 |
| Bassinet Days | 2.361 | 0.120 (0.092) |
0.899 | 0.080 (0.060) |
0.788 | 0.011 (0.131) |
0.333 | 0.298*** (0.097) |
0.415 |
| RWP | 0.503 | 0.011*** (0.003) |
0.235 | 0.001 (0.002) |
0.072 | 0.009** (0.004) |
0.391 | 0.015*** (0.003) |
0.582 |
| Procedures | 2.134 | 0.108 (0.108) |
0.858 | 0.010 (0.023) |
0.061 | 0.213 (0.184) |
0.543 | 0.128 (0.112) |
0.955 |
| Diagnostics | 0.100 | 0.063*** (0.015) |
0.812 | −0.007 (0.008) |
0.052 | 0.047* (0.024) |
0.979 | 0.091*** (0.014) |
0.995 |
| C-section | 0.282 | 0.030*** (0.005) |
0.230 | 0.000 (0.006) |
0.063 | 0.026*** (0.007) |
0.633 | 0.039*** (0.004) |
0.434 |
| Severe Complication | 0.036 | −0.020*** (0.004) |
0.052 | 0.004 (0.003) |
0.677 | −0.017** (0.007) |
0.916 | −0.017*** (0.005) |
0.049 |
| Preventable Complication | 0.189 | −0.087*** (0.019) |
0.913 | 0.001 (0.005) |
0.170 | −0.063* (0.034) |
0.792 | −0.087*** (0.020) |
0.625 |
| Severe Acute Maternal Morbidity | 0.012 | −0.002 (0.002) |
0.193 | 0.001 (0.001) |
0.354 | −0.001 (0.003) |
0.619 | 0.000 (0.002) |
0.274 |
| 28-Day Infant Mortality (per 1,000) | 0.804 | −0.330 (0.636) |
0.975 | 0.115 (0.475) |
0.643 | −0.555 (0.836) |
0.252 | −0.297 (0.619) |
0.964 |
| 1-Year Infant Mortality (per 1,000) | 1.576 | −0.465 (0.823) |
0.552 | 0.455 (0.603) |
0.460 | −0.004 (1.228) |
0.041 | −0.143 (0.847) |
0.784 |
| Unplanned Readmissions (per 1,000) | 12.089 | −5.486*** (1.941) |
0.824 | 0.437 (1.127) |
0.505 | −1.816 (3.165) |
0.574 | −5.773** (2.447) |
0.552 |
| Unplanned Child Readmission (per 1,000) | 36.080 | −6.601 (4.904) |
0.342 | 2.275 (2.441) |
0.534 | −14.393* (7.527) |
0.114 | −10.473** (4.495) |
0.336 |
| 30-Day Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) | 53.917 | −16.396*** (5.809) |
0.834 | 2.768 (2.683) |
0.542 | −34.347*** (10.608) |
0.213 | −18.535*** (5.691) |
0.593 |
| 1-Year Unplanned Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) | 84.343 | −7.764 (5.886) |
0.072 | −1.989 (3.552) |
0.035 | −21.100* (11.418) |
0.095 | −10.799* (6.059) |
0.104 |
| Any 1-Year Child Hospitalization (per 1,000) | 102.091 | −17.932*** (6.709) |
0.170 | −1.734 (3.718) |
0.041 | −38.735*** (13.515) |
0.098 | −18.428*** (6.818) |
0.167 |
| N | 95,773 | 95,773 | 95,773 | 71,361 | |||||
Notes: All specifications except in columns 4–5 use the first difference. Columns 2–3 add indicators for previous C-section, breech presentation, multiple birth, umbilical cord prolapse, placenta previa, and placental abruption. Outcomes in columns 4–5 are the level from the previous birth. Columns 6–7 instrument with whether the nearest base has an MTF hospital. Columns 8–9 include women who received all prenatal care and delivered in the same system. All regressions include controls for year, age group, sponsor’s pay grade and occupation, and sponsor’s race. Standard errors are clustered at the base level.