Table 2.
Final multivariate meta-analysis with different variables of Salmonella
| Variables (P-value) | Observations | Univariate meta-regression | Multivariate meta-regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co-efficient | P-value | Co-efficient | P-value | ||
| Country (< 0.0001*) | Bangladesh (Ref) | – | – | – | – |
| India | −2.73 (−3.50, −1.96) | < 0.0001 | −0.22 (−0.35, −0.09) | 0.0012* | |
| Pakistan | −0.38 (−1.38, 0.61) | 0.4495 | 0.11 (−0.10, 0.31) | 0.2993 | |
| Nepal | −1.50 (−2.56, −0.44) | 0.0054 | 0.004 (−0.19, 0.18) | 0.9712 | |
| Bhutan | −1.29 (−4.55, 1.97) | 0.0041 | −0.35 (−0.80, 0.09) | 0.1212 | |
| Sri Lanka | −3.43 (−7.00, 0.14) | 0.0600 | −0.36 (−0.81, 0.08) | 0.1076 | |
| Source (0.0001*) | Animal (Ref) | – | – | – | – |
| Environment | 0.26 (−0.77, 1.28) | 0.6253 | −0.004 (−0.13, 0.12) | 0.9500 | |
| Human | −1.55 (−2.37, −0.73) | 0.0002 | −0.09 (−0.21, 0.02) | 0.1038 | |
| Locality (0.0547*) | Both (Ref) | – | – | ||
| Rural | −1.76 (−3.37, −0.15) | 0.0325 | −0.09 (−0.29, 0.12) | 0.4065 | |
| Urban | −1.01 (−2.57, 0.54) | 0.2021 | 0.008 (−0.18, 0.19) | 0.9315 | |
| Time (0.4953) | 2010–2013 (Ref) | – | – | – | – |
| 2014–2017 | −0.57 (−1.70, 0.56) | 0.3252 | |||
| 2018–2021 | −0.10 (−1.20, 0.99) | 0.8535 | |||
| Test (< 0.0001*) | PCR (Ref) | – | – | – | – |
| Culture | 0.19 (−0.04, 0.24) | 0.1435 | 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) | 0.2781 | |
| Culture and biochemical | 0.002 (−0.15, 0.15) | 0.9768 | −19 (−0.39, 0.010) | 0.0615 | |
| Culture and PCR | 0.19 (−0.18, 0.57) | 0.3173 | −0.01 (−0.35, 0.33) | 0.9575 | |
| Biochemical | −0.04 (−0.27, 0.18) | 0.7056 | −0.05 (−0.24, 0.14) | 0.6247 | |
| Antisera | 0.32 (−0.22, 0.85) | 0.2420 | 0.11 (−0.40, 0.61) | 0.6877 | |
*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05)