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. 2023 Oct 26;13(4):637–652. doi: 10.1007/s44197-023-00160-x

Table 2.

Final multivariate meta-analysis with different variables of Salmonella

Variables (P-value) Observations Univariate meta-regression Multivariate meta-regression
Co-efficient P-value Co-efficient P-value
Country (< 0.0001*) Bangladesh (Ref)
India −2.73 (−3.50, −1.96)  < 0.0001 −0.22 (−0.35, −0.09) 0.0012*
Pakistan −0.38 (−1.38, 0.61) 0.4495 0.11 (−0.10, 0.31) 0.2993
Nepal −1.50 (−2.56, −0.44) 0.0054 0.004 (−0.19, 0.18) 0.9712
Bhutan −1.29 (−4.55, 1.97) 0.0041 −0.35 (−0.80, 0.09) 0.1212
Sri Lanka −3.43 (−7.00, 0.14) 0.0600 −0.36 (−0.81, 0.08) 0.1076
Source (0.0001*) Animal (Ref)
Environment 0.26 (−0.77, 1.28) 0.6253 −0.004 (−0.13, 0.12) 0.9500
Human −1.55 (−2.37, −0.73) 0.0002 −0.09 (−0.21, 0.02) 0.1038
Locality (0.0547*) Both (Ref)
Rural −1.76 (−3.37, −0.15) 0.0325 −0.09 (−0.29, 0.12) 0.4065
Urban −1.01 (−2.57, 0.54) 0.2021 0.008 (−0.18, 0.19) 0.9315
Time (0.4953) 2010–2013 (Ref)
2014–2017 −0.57 (−1.70, 0.56) 0.3252
2018–2021 −0.10 (−1.20, 0.99) 0.8535
Test (< 0.0001*) PCR (Ref)
Culture 0.19 (−0.04, 0.24) 0.1435 0.07 (−0.05, 0.20) 0.2781
Culture and biochemical 0.002 (−0.15, 0.15) 0.9768 −19 (−0.39, 0.010) 0.0615
Culture and PCR 0.19 (−0.18, 0.57) 0.3173 −0.01 (−0.35, 0.33) 0.9575
Biochemical −0.04 (−0.27, 0.18) 0.7056 −0.05 (−0.24, 0.14) 0.6247
Antisera 0.32 (−0.22, 0.85) 0.2420 0.11 (−0.40, 0.61) 0.6877

*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05)