Table 7.
Overall antimicrobial drug resistance in Salmonella in different categories
| Variables (P-value) | Observations | No. of study | Sub-group analysis | Univariate Meta-regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence | Q | I2 | Coeff | P-value | |||
| Source (0.0316*) | Animal (Ref) | 56 | 77% (65–86) | 75.24 | 26.9% | – | |
| Environment | 23 | 78% (65–88) | 21.2 | 0.0% | 0.24 (−0.63, 1.12) | 0.5884 | |
| Human | 61 | 60% (50–69) | 84.23 | 28.8% | −0.72 (−1.37, 0.06) | 0.0315 | |
| Locality (0.005*) | Semi-urban (Ref) | 13 | 96% (79–99) | 1.69 | 0.0% | – | |
| Rural | 43 | 61% (47–73) | 64.80 | 35.2% | −2.40 (−3.61, −1.18) | 0.0001 | |
| Urban | 84 | 69% (60–76) | 105.01 | 21.0% | −2.03 (−3.19, −0.88) | 0.0006 | |
| Time (0.0756) | 2010–2013 (Ref) | 23 | 53% (41–65) | 40.83 | 46.1% | – | |
| 2014–2017 | 44 | 68% (58–76) | 65.66 | 34.5% | 0.69 (−0.19, 1.57) | 0.1259 | |
| 2018–2021 | 73 | 77% (66–86) | 68.52 | 0.0% | 0.94 (0.13, 1.76) | 0.023 | |
*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05)