Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical presentation of individuals according to ZIKV infection, Thailand (2020–2023) (N = 751).
| Variable | All patients | ZIKV positive | ZIKV negative | OR (95% Cl) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex‒no./total no. (%) | |||||
| Female | 401/751 (53.4) | 51/90 (56.7) | 350/661 (53.0) | Reference | 0.507 |
| Male | 350/751 (46.6) | 39/90 (43.3) | 311/661 (47.0) | 0.86 (0.55‒1.34) | |
| Age (years) | |||||
| Median (interquartile range) | 35 (26‒47) | 37 (29‒46) | 34 (25–47) | ||
| Range | 1‒92 | 1‒71 | 1‒92 | ||
| Age distribution (no. [%]) | |||||
| ≤ 15 years | 83 (11.1) | 9 (10.0) | 74 (11.2) | 1.28 (0.49‒3.40) | 0.187 |
| 16–25 years | 104 (13.8) | 9 (10.0) | 95 (14.4) | Reference | |
| 26–35 years | 198 (26.4) | 20 (22.2) | 178 (26.9) | 1.19 (0.52‒2.71) | |
| 36–45 years | 164 (21.8) | 29 (32.2) | 135 (20.4) | 2.27 (1.03‒5.01) | |
| 46–55 years | 91 (12.1) | 12 (13.3) | 79 (12.0) | 1.60 (0.64‒4.00) | |
| ≥ 56 years | 111 (14.8) | 11 (12.2) | 100 (15.1) | 1.16 (0.46‒2.93) | |
| Days from illness onset to diagnosis | |||||
| Median (interquartile range) | 4 (2–5) | 3.5 (3–5) | 3 (2–5) | ||
| Symptoms—no./total no. (%) | |||||
| Fever | 428/484 (88.4) | 42/59 (71.2) | 386/425 (90.8) | 0.25 (0.13‒0.48) | < 0.001 |
| Arthralgia | 164/484 (33.9) | 32/59 (54.2) | 132/425 (31.1) | 2.63 (1.52‒4.57) | < 0.001 |
| Conjunctivitis | 23/484 (4.8) | 13/59 (22.0) | 10/425 (2.4) | 11.73 (4.87‒28.24) | < 0.001 |
| Rash | 133/484 (27.5) | 49/59 (83.1) | 84/425 (19.8) | 19.89 (9.68‒40.90) | < 0.001 |
| Myalgia | 213/484 (44.0) | 23/59 (39.0) | 190/425 (44.7) | 0.79 (0.45‒1.38) | 0.407 |
| Vomiting | 71/484 (14.7) | 3/59 (5.1) | 68/425 (16.0) | 0.28 (0.09‒0.93) | 0.026 |
| Diarrhea | 33/484 (6.8) | 2/59 (3.4) | 31/425 (7.3) | 0.45 (0.10‒1.91) | 0.265 |
| Headache | 211/484 (43.6) | 14/59 (23.7) | 197/425 (46.4) | 0.36 (0.19‒0.68) | 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 132/484 (27.3) | 14/59 (23.7) | 118/425 (27.8) | 0.81 (0.43‒1.53) | 0.514 |
| Sore throat | 39/484 (8.1) | 8/59 (13.6) | 31/425 (7.3) | 2.00 (0.87‒4.57) | 0.098 |
| Informed | 484 | 59 | 425 | ||
| No informed | 267 | 31 | 236 | ||