Table 3.
Quantiles of the dietary patterns by participants’ sociodemographic and individual risk factors.
| Variables | Variable category | Westernized pattern | p-value | Traditional pattern | p-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | ||||
| Age | 18–30 | 39 (20.7) | 45 (23.9) | 54 (28.7) | 50 (26.6) | 0.01 | 51 (27.0) | 53 (28.0) | 47 (24.9) | 38 (20.1) | 0.09 |
| 31–45 | 32 (22.2) | 37 (25.7) | 34 (23.6) | 41 (28.5) | 29 (20.1) | 34 (23.6) | 33 (22.9) | 48 (33.3) | |||
| 46–65 | 33 (40.2) | 21 (25.6) | 16 (19.5) | 12 (14.6) | 23 (28.4) | 17 (21.0) | 24 (29.6) | 17 (21.0) | |||
| Sex | Male | 51 (27.1) | 47 (25.0) | 44 (23.4) | 46 (24.5) | 0.80 | 62 (33.2) | 43 (23.0) | 50 (26.7) | 32 (17.1) | 0.00 |
| Female | 53 (23.5) | 56 (24.8) | 60 (26.5) | 57 (25.2) | 41 (18.1) | 61 (26.9) | 54 (23.8) | 71 (31.3) | |||
| Marital status | Married | 46 (19.8) | 60 (25.9) | 61 (26.3) | 65 (28.0) | 0.03 | 52 (22.4) | 51 (22.0) | 56 (24.1) | 73 (31.5) | 0.01 |
| Others | 20 (42.6) | 12 (25.5) | 9 (19.1) | 6 (12.8) | 10 (21.3) | 14 (29.8) | 11 (23.4) | 12 (25.5) | |||
| Single | 38 (28.1) | 31 (23.0) | 34 (25.2) | 32 (23.7) | 41 (30.4) | 39 (28.9) | 37 (27.4) | 18 (13.3) | |||
| Education | Primary/lower | 29 (31.2) | 28 (30.1) | 20 (21.5) | 16 (17.2) | 0.14 | 22 (23.7) | 22 (23.7) | 22 (23.7) | 27 (29.0) | 0.26 |
| Secondary | 25 (26.0) | 25 (26.0) | 19 (19.8) | 27 (28.1) | 26 (27.1) | 32 (33.3) | 22 (22.9) | 16 (16.7) | |||
| Post-secondary | 50 (22.2) | 50 (22.2) | 65 (28.9) | 60 (26.7) | 55 (24.4) | 50 (22.2) | 60 (26.7) | 60 (26.7) | |||
| Occupation | Securely employed | 29 (21.3) | 34 (25.0) | 40 (29.4) | 33 (24.3) | 0.14 | 31 (22.8) | 35 (25.7) | 34 (25.0) | 36 (26.5) | 0.48 |
| Insecure jobs | 41 (33.9) | 29 (24.0) | 21 (17.4) | 30 (24.8) | 25 (20.7) | 30 (24.8) | 37 (30.6) | 29 (24.0) | |||
| Unemployed | 34 (21.7) | 40 (25.5) | 43 (27.4) | 40 (25.5) | 47 (29.9) | 39 (24.8) | 33 (21.0) | 38 (24.2) | |||
| Income | Very low | 18 (34.6) | 15 (28.8) | 9 (17.3) | 10 (19.2) | 0.04 | 21 (40.4) | 13 (25.0) | 10 (19.2) | 8 (15.4) | 0.01 |
| Low | 37 (29.6) | 33 (26.4) | 29 (23.2) | 26 (20.8) | 37 (29.8) | 39 (31.5) | 26 (21.0) | 22 (17.7) | |||
| Middle | 39 (18.8) | 46 (22.2) | 60 (29.0) | 62 (30.0) | 39 (18.8) | 45 (21.6) | 61 (29.3) | 63 (30.3) | |||
| Physical activity | Active | 68 (26.4) | 59 (22.9) | 61 (23.6) | 70 (27.1) | 0.32 | 65 (25.1) | 62 (23.9) | 69 (26.6) | 63 (24.3) | 0.77 |
| Not | 36 (23.1) | 44 (28.2) | 43 (27.6) | 33 (21.2) | 38 (24.5) | 42 (27.1) | 35 (22.6) | 40 (25.8) | |||
| Tobacco use | Yes | 2 (25.0) | 3 (37.5) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (12.5) | – | 1 (12.5) | 4 (50.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (25.0) | – |
| No | 102 (25.1) | 100 (24.6) | 102(25.1) | 102 (25.1) | 102 (25.1) | 100 (24.6) | 103 (25.4) | 101 (24.9) | |||
| Khat chewing | Yes | 3 (14.3) | 8 (38.1) | 6 (28.6) | 4 (19.0) | 0.39 | 4 (19.0) | 6 (28.6) | 4 (19.0) | 7 (33.3) | 0.71 |
| No | 101 (25.7) | 95 (24.2) | 98 (24.9) | 99 (25.2) | 99 (25.2) | 98 (24.9) | 100 (25.4) | 96 (24.4) | |||
| WHR | High risk | 70 (25.7) | 74 (27.2) | 61 (22.4) | 67 (24.6) | 0.19 | 68 (25.0) | 70 (25.7) | 64 (23.5) | 70 (25.7) | 0.80 |
| Low risk | 32 (24.1) | 26 (19.5) | 41 (30.8) | 34 (25.6) | 33 (24.8) | 32 (24.1) | 37 (27.8) | 31 (23.3) | |||
| BMI | Overweight/obesity | 36 (30.0) | 26 (21.7) | 29 (24.2) | 29 (24.2) | 0.53 | 34 (28.3) | 31 (25.8) | 22 (18.3) | 33 (27.5) | 0.23 |
| Normal | 68 (23.5) | 76 (26.3) | 73 (25.3) | 72 (24.9) | 68 (23.5) | 73 (25.3) | 80 (27.70 | 68 (23.5) | |||
| Hypertension | Yes | 34 (39.5) | 25 (29.1) | 13 (15.1) | 14 (16.3) | < 0.01 | 24 (28.2) | 14 (16.5) | 22 (25.9) | 25 (29.4) | 0.20 |
| No | 70 (21.5) | 78 (23.9) | 91 (27.9) | 87 (26.7) | 79 (24.2) | 90 (27.5) | 80 (24.5) | 78 (23.9) | |||
p-values are from chi-square tests.