Table 1.
Prior reports of Central Nervous System (CNS) or Meningeal Fusariosis
| #/Ref./Year published | Age | Sex | Risk Factors | Causative Species | Extent of Disease | Treatment | Outcome (day of death/follow up) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1[31] / 2022 | 70 | NA | Relapsed AML receiving induction therapy | Fusarium spp. | Maxillary sinus with intraorbital extension and meningitis | L-AMB 8 mg/kg + VOR + intrathecal AMB | NA |
| 2[32] / 2022 | 32 | F | Prednisolone, methotrexate, adalimumab, rheumatoid arthritis | F. proliferatum | Brain mass with meningo-encephalitis | IV VOR (12 mo) + surgery | Alive (9 months follow-up) |
| 3[33] / 2022 | 6 | M | Tuberculous meningitis | F. falciforme | Multiple brain abscesses and meningitis | AMB 5 mg/kg + VOR + TERB + surgery | Deceased (1 month) |
| 4[34] / 2016 | 14 | F | Dexamethasone (4 mg, 3x/day for 14 days), Turberculous meningitis | Fusarium spp. | Meningitis | AMB (14 days) | Alive (25 days) |
| 5[13] / 2015 | 50 | F | DM and ALL with failed auto-HSCT, ponatinib and dexamethasone | F. solani | Nasal septum ulcer, 1 cm brain mass | VOR + ABLC 5 mg/kg + GCSF + surgery | Hospice/Deceased (1 month) |
| 6[35] / 2014 | 33 | F | None | Fusarium spp. | Brain mass | VOR + TER + AMB + surgery | Alive (18 months) |
| 7[36] / 2008 | 53 | F | Promyelocytic leukemia | F. oxysporum | Brain abscess | VOR | Alive (5 months) |
| 8[37] / 1998 | NA | NA | ALL | Fusarium spp. | Brain abscess | surgery | Alive (NA) |
| 9[38] / 1983 | 17 | F | Prednisone (60 mg/day) | Fusarium spp. | Brain abscess and meningitis | AMB + intrathecal AMB + surgery (burrhole aspiration) | Deceased (7 days) |
| 10[39] / 1974 | 2 | F | 60% burn | Fusarium spp. | Brain, skin, kidney | None (autopsy) | Deceased (42 days) |
| 11[40] / 1986 | 53 | M | Multiple myeloma | F. oxysporum | Skin, blood, brain | AMB | Deceased (30 days) |
| 12[41] / 1991 | 15 | M | ALL | Fusarium spp. | Leptomeningitis | AMB, 5FC, Miconazole + granulocyte transfusion | Deceased (NA) |
| 13[42] / 1996 | 6 | F | Aplastic anemia, allo BMT | Fusarium spp. | Skin, lung, brain | AMB | Deceased (NA) |
| 14[43] / 2003 | 76 | M | AML | F. solani | Brain abscess | ABLC 5 mg/kg then L-AMB 7.5 mg/kg, then VOR | Deceased but negative for Fusarium at autopsy (30 weeks) |
| 15[44] / 2009 | 55 | F | Lung transplant | Fusarium spp. | Brain abscess | None (autopsy) | Deceased (less than 7 days; not specified in report) |
| 16[45] / 2007 | NA | NA | NA | F. solani | Meningitis | AMB | Deceased (NA) |
| 17[46] /2013 | 23 | M | FSGS | Fusarium spp. | Brain and detection in blood and urine | None (autopsy) | Deceased (NA) |
| 18[47] / 1997 | 41 | M | AML, allo SCT, GVHD | Fusarium spp. | Brain, lung, skin | ABLC | Deceased (8 days) |
| 19[47] / 1997 | 71 | M | AML | Fusarium spp. | Brain, sinuses, skin | AMB | Deceased (4 days) |
| 20[47] / 1997 | 42 | M | CLL, allo SCT | Fusarium spp. | Brain, sinuses, lung, skin | L-AMB | Partial response / Deceased (85 days) |
| 21[6] / 2003 | 7 | F | aplastic anemia, allo SCT | Fusarium spp. | Stroke, lung, skin | AMB | Deceased (5 days) |
| 22[6] / 2003 | 42 | F | AML | Fusarium spp. | Cavernous thrombosis, lung, skin | AMB | Alive (NA) |
| 23[6] / 2003 | 49 | M | Multiple Myeloma, allo SCT, GVHD | F. solani | Brain, lung, skin | AMB, VOR | Deceased (41 days) |
| 24[6] / 2003 | 22 | M | AML, allo SCT, GVHD | Fusarium spp. | Brain, lung, skin | AMB | Deceased (11 days) |
| 25 [48] / 2017 | 65 | F | DM and cirrhosis | Fusarium spp. | Brain abscesses, meningitis | AMB then L-AMB | Deceased (3 months) |
| 26 [49] / 2015 | NA | NA | Chronic granulomatous disease | F. falciforme | Epidural abscess, meningitis, cervical myelitis | NA | Deceased (NA) |
ABLC: amphotericin B lipid complex; ALL: acute lymphocytic leukemia; alloSCT: allogeneic stem cell transplant; AMB: amphotericin B; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; BMT: bone marrow transplant; CLL: chronic lymphocytic leukemia; DM: diabetes mellitus; FSGS: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; GCSF: granulocyte colony stimulating factor; GVHD: graft versus host disease; HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplant; L-AMB: liposomal amphotericin B; NA: not available; TERB: terbinafine; VOR: voriconazole