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. 2023 Nov 30;13:21082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47977-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Uty transgenic construct and expression levels during development in the placenta and brain. (A) Schematic of enzymes involved in methylation (glycosylated EZH2) and demethylation (UTX and potentially UTY) of histone 3 lysine 27. (B) Simplified schematic of Uty transgenic construct. See Supplementary File 1 for more details. (C) Uty mRNA expression in E18.5 placenta and brain from XX females, XX + Uty females, XY males (n = 3–6). A significant effect of genotype was observed for relative mRNA expression in the placenta (F (2,11) = 135.4, p = 0.0001; η² = 0.96, ****p ≤ 0.0001; C), with XX + Uty females having significantly higher Uty expression compared to XX females and XY males (p ≤ 0.0001; p ≤ 0.0001) and XY males having significantly higher Uty expression compared to XX females (p = 0.0003). In the hypothalamus a significant effect of genotype was observed for mRNA expression (F(2,10) = 165.2, p = 0.0001; η² = 0.97, ****p ≤ 0.0001; C), with XX + Uty females having significantly higher Uty expression compared to XX females and XY males (p ≤ 0.0001; p ≤ 0.0001) and XY males having significantly higher Uty expression compared to XX females (p ≤ 0.0001). (A,B) Were created with www.BioRender.com.