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. 2023 Nov 30;13:21082. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-47977-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Global changes in gene expression were not observed with random insertion of Uty-Tg in XX females. (A) Cluster dendrogram and (B) principal component analysis (PCA) plots of gene expression data demonstrate the distribution of XY, XX, and XX + Uty placenta (n = 5). (C) Heatmap depicting all detectable transcripts in the placenta (14,230). Unbiased hierarchical clustering was used to group genes into distinct clusters and identify gene sets that were similar in directionality of their expression profiles between XX + Uty and XX (black), XX + Uty and XY (green, masculinized), differential expression unique to XX + Uty (purple), or expression profiles that did not show a unique or overlapping pattern between the groups (white). (D) The same approach and figures as above are also provided for all detectable transcripts in the hypothalamus cluster dendrogram, (E) PCA plot, and (C) heatmap of gene expression data demonstrating the distribution of XY, XX, and XX + Uty hypothalamic patterns (n = 4–5).