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. 2023 Nov 29;14:7856. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43364-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — A HUVEC^vegf165+-laden hydrogel presented distinctive self-renewal ability and enhanced VEGF 165 release. The VEGF 165 releasing curves of cell-laden hydrogel in black were corresponding to the left Y-axis, while the curves of VEGF 165-loaded hydrogel in blue were in different releasing profiles and corresponding to the right Y-axis. n = 3 independent experiments. B Co-culture cell model for studying the biological effects of HUVEC^vegf165+-laden hydrogel. This figure was created with BioRender.com and has been granted a publication license. C Wound healing of HUVECs was accelerated following treatment with HUVEC^vegf165+-laden hydrogel. D Quantitative analysis of wound healing speed. n = 3 independent experiments. E HUVEC proliferation was improved by HUVEC^vegf165+-laden hydrogel. n = 3 independent experiments. F Tube formation of HUVECs was enhanced by HUVEC^vegf165+-laden hydrogel. G Quantitative analysis of branch points. n = 3 independent experiments. H Quantitative analysis of capillary length. n = 3 independent experiments. The p values in the figure (D) and figures (E, G, and H) are determined by two-sided unpaired t test and two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test, respectively. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.