Methods	Non‐randomized Controlled Study in Bogor Regency, Indonesia
Participants	Inclusion criteria: Pregnant women who lived at least 6 months in these villages were included in this study to maintain homogeneity in access to information exposure and health services regarding nutrition and reproductive health. Another inclusion criterion was a maximum gestational age of 27 weeks (end of the second trimester), because the intervention is intended to be implemented before the delivery period. Exclusion criteria: The exclusion criteria were confirmation or diagnosis of serious health problems requiring a special diet and nutritional needs, as well as premature delivery during the data collection period. Age [n (%)]—Intervention, Control: 19–25 years: 41 (42.3), 36 (37.1) 26–35 years: 43 (44.3), 4 (46.4) >35 years: 13 (13.4), 16 (16.5) Residence status [n (%)]—Intervention, Control: Original population: 76 (78.4), 77 (79.4) Migrants: 21 (21.6), 20 (20.6) Occupation [n (%)]—Intervention, Control: Housewife: 93 (95.9), 92 (94.8) Working Mothers: 4 (4.1), 3 (3.1) The decision‐maker in the household [n (%)]—Intervention, Control: Mother: 6 (6.2), 5 (5.2) Father and mother: 83 (85.6), 82 (84.5) Education level [n (%)]—Intervention, Control: Elementary school (≤6 years): 44 (45.4), 41 (42.3) Junior high school (7–9 years): 38 (39.1), 39 (40.2) Senior high school (9–12 years): 15 (15.5), 14 (14.4) College (>12 years): 0 (0.0), 3 (3.1) Family income [n (%)]—Intervention, Control: <1,500,000 IDR: 19 (19.6), 20 (20.6) 1,500,000‐3,000,000 IDR: 58 (59.8), 61 (62.9) > 3,000,000 IDR: 20 (20.6), 16 (16.5)
Interventions	Intervention—Nutrition education (n = 107) Description: They were placed in small groups (four or five mothers per group) and received 2 h of nutrition and reproductive health education from a facilitator every 2 weeks for 3 consecutive months. The educational contents and special applied strategies can be seen in Table 1. The education consisted of three sessions that included theoretical (lectures) and practical sessions. The first covered parenting (psycho‐emotional and nutritional parenting) and was complemented by role‐playing. The second covered nutrition during pregnancy, stunting, and immunity. This session was reinforced by the simulation to assess nutritional status and nutritional requirements for the first 1000 days of life. In this session, the facilitator used two packets of nutrition discs, one consisting of eight discs that determine the nutritional status of children based on age groups, and another consisting of eight discs focused on the needs of balanced nutrition from the gestational period through adolescence (19 years). The third session covered reproductive health education, equipped with the games of myths and facts. Nutrition counseling messaging: 1. Parenting ‐ Psycho‐emotional parenting ‐ Nutritional parenting Lectures (module, leaflet, flipchart) Role play (scenario, props, name tags, accessories for each participant), 35 min for lectures, 25 min for roleplay 2. Nutrition during pregnancy stunting, and immunity Lectures (module, leaflet, flipchart) Simulation (nutrition discs),15 min for lectures‚ 15 min for simulation 3. Reproductive health education Lectures (module, leaflet, flipchart), Games: myths and facts (list of questions, props), 15 min for lectures, 15 min for games Total = 120 min Intervention adapted to local context: Women empowerment approach: Partial empowerment model Control (n = 112) Description: The control group received the usual antenatal care practices such as home‐based counseling from the CHWon usual care (antenatal care, family planning, skilled delivery and immunization), MIYCN reading materials. This CHW was not participating in the intervention and was not given any form of training on MIYCN(20).
Outcomes	No outcomes of interest reported.
Notes	Funding: Not reported