Table 3.
Lifetime prevalence of organ abnormalities and comorbidities.
| Overall (n=115) | Generalised lipodystrophy (n=24) |
Partial lipodystrophy (n=91) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus and microvascular complications | ||||
| Gestational diabetes* n (%) | 10 (12.2) | 2 (20.0) | 8 (11.1) | 0.327 |
| DM n (%) | 50 (43.5) | 11 (45.8) | 39 (42.9) | 0.066 |
| DM complications | ||||
| - Retinopathy n (%) | 10 (20.0) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (23.1) | 0.880 |
| - Nephropathy n (%) | 18 (36.0) | 5 (45.5) | 13 (33.3) | 0.814 |
| Renal failure n (%) | 8 (16.0) | 1 (9.1) | 7 (17.9) | 0.739 |
| - Peripheral neuropathy n (%) | 10 (20.0) | 3 (27.3) | 7 (17.9) | 0.720 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| Ischemic cardiopathy n (%) | 14 (12.2) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (15.4) | 0.495 |
| Arrhythmia n (%) | 4 (3.5) | 1 (4.2) | 3 (3.3) | 0.793 |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy n (%) | 7 (6.1) | 7 (29.2) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001† |
| Valvulopathy n (%) | 13 (11.3) | 8 (33.3) | 5 (5.5) | <0.0001† |
| Peripheral arterial disease n (%) | 9 (7.8) | 1 (4.2) | 8 (8.8) | 0.442 |
| Neurological disease | ||||
| Encephalopathy n (%) | 4 (3.5) | 4 (16.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0.002† |
| Intellectual disability n (%) | 12 (10.4) | 11 (45.8) | 1 (1.1) | <0.0001† |
| Gait disturbances n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 5 (20.8) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001† |
| Stroke n (%) | 2 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.2) | 0.858 |
| Abdominal abnormalities | ||||
| Hepatic steatosis n (%) | 49 (42.6) | 13 (54.2) | 36 (39.6) | 0.198 |
| Cirrhosis n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.1) | 0.760 |
| Cholelithiasis n (%) | 6 (5.2) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (6.6) | 0.503 |
| Pancreatitis n (%) | 10 (8.7) | 3 (12.5) | 7 (7.7) | 0.492 |
| Gynaecological disorders | ||||
| Oligo/amenorrhea* n (%) | 20 (24.4) | 4 (40.0) | 16 (22.2) | 0.431 |
| PCOS* n (%) | 13 (15.9) | 1 (10.0) | 12 (16.7) | 0.319 |
| Pregnancy loss* n (%) | 11 (13.4) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (15.3) | 0.314 |
| Uterine polyps/fibroids* n (%) | 9 (7.8) | 1 (4.2) | 8 (8.8) | 0.815 |
| Other disorders | ||||
| Hypertension n (%) | 19 (16.5) | 4 (16.7) | 15 (16.5) | 0.572 |
| Anxiety-depressive disorder n (%) | 18 (15.7) | 1 (4.2) | 17 (18.7) | 0.418 |
| Carpal tunnel Sd n (%) | 8 (7.0) | 1 (4.2) | 7 (7.7) | 0.617 |
| Hypothyroidism n (%) | 7 (6.1) | 2 (8.3) | 5 (5.5) | 0.615 |
| Goiter n (%) | 13 (11.3) | 1 (4.2) | 12 (13.2) | 0.530 |
| Sleep apnoea n (%) | 5 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (5.5) | 0.190 |
| Malignancy n (%) | 10 (8.7) | 0 (0.0) | 10 (11.0) | 0.850 |
Data are n (%) values. Subjects with progeroid syndrome, prepuberal subjects with familial partial lipodystrophy and patients with familial partial lipodystrophy and no data were excluded from this analysis. Age and gender were used as covariables. †p < 0.05. *Among women. DM, diabetes mellitus; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome.