Table 3.
Path estimates in the empirical SEM-PLS model
| Path | β | t | p | 95%CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||||
| COVID-19 anxiety → Health | .03 | 0.70 | .243 | –.05 | .10 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Physical fitness, being in shape | .00 | –0.10 | .459 | –.08 | .07 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Company of other people | .03 | 0.67 | .253 | –.05 | .10 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Fit, shapely body | .07 | 1.92 | .027 | .00 | .15 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Well-being | –.01 | –0.24 | .405 | –.09 | .07 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Being physically active according | .01 | 0.23 | .408 | –.07 | .08 |
| to fashion | |||||
| COVID-19 anxiety → Boosting confidence, gaining | .06 | 1.64 | .051 | –.01 | .14 |
| appreciation from others | |||||
| COVID-19 anxiety → Pleasure from physical activity | .05 | 1.29 | .098 | –.03 | .13 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Escape from everyday life | .08 | 2.15 | .016 | .01 | .16 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Managing stress | .11 | 2.82 | .002 | .03 | .18 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Fulfilling the need for activity | .00 | 0.12 | .454 | –.07 | .08 |
| COVID-19 anxiety → Promoting PA by setting | .08 | 2.06 | .020 | .00 | .15 |
| a behavioral example | |||||
| Gender → Health | .02 | 0.50 | .309 | –.06 | .09 |
| Gender → Physical fitness, being in shape | .15 | 4.08 | < .001 | .08 | .23 |
| Gender → Company of other people | –.19 | –5.02 | < .001 | –.26 | –.12 |
| Gender → Fit, shapely body | .04 | 1.14 | .127 | –.03 | .12 |
| Gender → Well-being | .09 | 2.31 | .011 | .01 | .16 |
| Gender → Being physically active according | –.10 | –2.61 | .005 | –.17 | –.03 |
| to fashion | |||||
| Gender → Boosting confidence, gaining | –.06 | –1.69 | .046 | –.14 | .01 |
| appreciation from others | |||||
| Gender → Pleasure from physical activity | –.01 | –0.29 | .386 | –.09 | .06 |
| Gender → Escape from everyday life | –.18 | –4.83 | < .001 | –.26 | –.11 |
| Gender → Managing stress | –.12 | –3.04 | .001 | –.19 | –.04 |
| Gender → Fulfilling the need for activity | .05 | 1.35 | .090 | –.02 | .13 |
| Gender → Promotin PA b settin a behavioral exam le | –.04 | –1.11 | .135 | –.12 | .03 |
| Age → Health | .02 | 0.46 | .322 | –.06 | .09 |
| Age → Physical fitness, being in shape | –.12 | –3.13 | < .001 | –.19 | –.05 |
| Age → Company of other people | .12 | 3.06 | .001 | .04 | .19 |
| Age → Fit, shapely body | –.05 | –1.19 | .118 | –.12 | .03 |
| Age → Well-being | –.10 | –2.66 | .004 | –.18 | –.03 |
| Age → Being physically active according to fashion | .05 | 1.41 | .079 | –.02 | .13 |
| Age → Boosting confidence, gaining appreciation from others | .06 | 1.63 | .052 | –.01 | .14 |
| Age → Pleasure from physical activity | –.05 | –1.37 | .086 | –.13 | .02 |
| Age → Escape from everyday life | .02 | 0.42 | .337 | –.06 | .09 |
| Age → Managing stress | .00 | –0.05 | .480 | –.08 | .07 |
| Age → Fulfilling the need for activity | –.04 | –0.90 | .183 | –.11 | .04 |
| Age → Promoting PA by setting a behavioral example | .02 | 0.55 | .292 | –.05 | .10 |
Note. Measurements related to the motivating goals were computed using the following formula: Changes in a motivating goal = a motivating goal at t2 – a motivating goal at t1. Higher score indicates an increased motivating goal during COVID-19 in comparison to the previous period.