Table 3. Relative risk for exposure to HDP in "non-optimal" develpment in infants at one year of age in linear mixed models.
| Characters | Singleton ( n=2576) | Twins ( n=507) | |||||
| no/ No (%) | RR (95% CI) a | P | no/ No (%) | RR (95% CI) a | P | ||
|
Data are presented as RR (95% CI). The employed statistical analysis methodology comprised Poisson regression models. In the case of twins, the analyses were fitted by linear mixed model. no/ No, no., number of non-optimal; No., number of participants. aAdjusted for a mode of conception, maternal age at delivery, pre-pregnancy BMI, parity, infant sex, duration of breastfeeding, maternal education, and study center. Abbreviations: HDP, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio. | |||||||
| Cognition | |||||||
| Non-HDP | 282/2414 (11.7) | Ref | 79/395 (20.0) | Ref | |||
| HDP | 24/162 (14.8) | 1.24 (0.81, 1.91) | 0.324 | 32/112 (28.6) | 1.44 (0.94, 2.19) | 0.092 | |
| Chronic hypertension | 5/41 (12.2) | 0.97 (0.40, 2.38) | 0.949 | 5/9 (55.6) | 2.84 (1.11, 7.25) | 0.029 | |
| Gestational hypertension/Preeclampsia | 19/121 (15.7) | 1.34 (0.83, 2.16) | 0.230 | 27/103 (26.2) | 1.31 (0.83, 2.05) | 0.240 | |
| Gestational hypertension | 11/55 (20.0) | 1.65 (0.89, 3.04) | 0.111 | 12/31 (38.7) | 1.87 (1.01, 3.48) | 0.047 | |
| Preeclampsia | 8/66 (12.1) | 1.07 (0.52, 2.17) | 0.860 | 15/72 (20.8) | 1.05 (0.60, 1.85) | 0.865 | |
| Receptive communication | |||||||
| Non-HDP | 408/2414 (16.9) | Ref | 109/395 (27.6) | Ref | |||
| HDP | 22/162 (13.6) | 0.66 (0.42, 1.06) | 0.088 | 40/112 (35.7) | 1.28 (0.88, 1.85) | 0.199 | |
| Chronic hypertension | 4/41 (9.8) | 0.44 (0.14, 1.37) | 0.157 | 6/9 (66.7) | 2.48 (1.06, 5.81) | 0.036 | |
| Gestational hypertension/Preeclampsia | 18/121 (14.9) | 0.73 (0.44, 1.22) | 0.232 | 34/103 (33.0) | 1.17 (0.79, 1.74) | 0.440 | |
| Gestational hypertension | 13/55 (23.6) | 1.06 (0.58, 1.94) | 0.851 | 13/31 (41.9) | 1.42 (0.79, 2.55) | 0.245 | |
| Preeclampsia | 5/66 (7.6) | 0.44 (0.18, 1.06) | 0.068 | 21/72 (29.2) | 1.05 (0.65, 1.70) | 0.831 | |
| Expressive communication | |||||||
| Non-HDP | 121/2414 (5.0) | Ref | 32/395 (8.1) | Ref | |||
| HDP | 9/162 (5.6) | 1.02 (0.46, 2.22) | 0.968 | 16/112 (14.3) | 1.61 (0.77, 3.34) | 0.203 | |
| Chronic hypertension | 4/41 (9.8) | 1.83 (0.57, 5.88) | 0.312 | 1/9 (11.1) | 2.23 (0.24, 20.87) | 0.483 | |
| Gestational hypertension/Preeclampsia | 5/121 (4.1) | 0.76 (0.28, 2.10) | 0.602 | 15/103 (14.6) | 1.53 (0.73, 3.19) | 0.256 | |
| Gestational hypertension | 4/55 (7.3) | 1.25 (0.39, 3.97) | 0.711 | 9/31 (29.0) | 3.25 (1.29, 8.23) | 0.013 | |
| Preeclampsia | 1/66 (1.5) | 0.35 (0.05, 2.55) | 0.303 | 6/72 (8.3) | 0.88 (0.32, 2.39) | 0.799 | |
| Fine motor | |||||||
| Non-HDP | 78/2414 (3.2) | Ref | 23/395 (5.8) | Ref | |||
| HDP | 5/162 (3.1) | 1.09 (0.43, 2.75) | 0.858 | 8/112 (7.1) | 1.09 (0.48, 2.49) | 0.837 | |
| Chronic hypertension | 2/41 (4.9) | 1.83 (0.44, 7.64) | 0.406 | 1/9 (11.1) | 3.53 (0.43, 29.03) | 0.241 | |
| Gestational hypertension/Preeclampsia | 3/121 (2.5) | 0.86 (0.27, 2.77) | 0.798 | 7/103 (6.8) | 0.98 (0.41, 2.34) | 0.968 | |
| Gestational hypertension | 1/55 (1.8) | 0.57 (0.08, 4.15) | 0.579 | 3/31 (9.7) | 1.38 (0.41, 4.69) | 0.604 | |
| Preeclampsia | 2/66 (3.0) | 1.15 (0.28, 4.75) | 0.849 | 4/72 (5.6) | 0.80 (0.27, 2.38) | 0.691 | |
| Gross motor | |||||||
| Non-HDP | 206/2414 (8.5) | Ref | 41/395 (10.4) | Ref | |||
| HDP | 20/162 (12.3) | 1.42 (0.88, 2.29) | 0.147 | 24/112 (21.4) | 2.12 (1.16, 3.88) | 0.015 | |
| Chronic hypertension | 7/41 (17.1) | 2.21 (1.02, 4.79) | 0.044 | 2/9 (22.2) | 1.51 (0.27, 8.45) | 0.642 | |
| Gestational hypertension/Preeclampsia | 13/121 (10.7) | 1.20 (0.67, 2.12) | 0.539 | 22/103 (21.4) | 2.19 (1.18, 4.10) | 0.014 | |
| Gestational hypertension | 5/55 (9.1) | 1.04 (0.42, 2.54) | 0.933 | 8/31 (25.8) | 2.77 (1.13, 6.79) | 0.027 | |
| Preeclampsia | 8/66 (12.1) | 1.32 (0.65, 2.71) | 0.445 | 14/72 (19.4) | 1.90 (0.93, 3.91) | 0.080 | |