Table 3.
Comparison of the prevalence of high-risk depression among older adults (N/%).
| Variable | Depression | χ2 | Variable | Depression | χ2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low risk | High risk | Low risk | High risk | ||||
| Sex | Having social activities or not | ||||||
| Male | 2,721 (56.9) | 2058 (43.1) | 0.75 | No | 2,416 (53.1) | 2,136 (46.9) | 40.41** |
| Female | 2,809 (56.5) | 2,201 (43.5) | Yes | 3,114 (59.5) | 2,123 (43.5) | ||
| Age (year) | Type of insurance | ||||||
| 60–64 | 1714 (57.0) | 1,295 (43.0) | 0.46 | Urban employees | 849 (64.3) | 471 (35.7) | 40.83** |
| 65–74 | 2,400 (56.2) | 1873 (43.8) | Urban and rural residents | 4,125 (55.0) | 3,379 (45.0) | ||
| ≥75 | 1,416 (56.5) | 1,091 (43.5) | Free medical care | 360 (58.3) | 257 (41.7) | ||
| Household registration | Commercial insurance and others | 196 (56.3) | 152 (43.7) | ||||
| Urban | 1,486 (57.1) | 1,117 (42.9) | 0.66 | Income | |||
| Rural | 4,404 (56.3) | 3,142 (43.7) | Low | 1989 (53.4) | 1739 (46.6) | 28.51** | |
| Marital status | Middle | 2,806 (57.8) | 2052 (42.2) | ||||
| Married and cohabiting | 4,112 (56.4) | 3,175 (43.6) | 0.66 | High | 735 (61.1) | 468 (38.9) | |
| Married but separated | 213 (58.4) | 152 (41.6) | Health satisfaction | ||||
| Divorced | 54 (57.4) | 40 (42.6) | Dissatisfied | 1944 (57.1) | 1,458 (42.9) | 0.9 | |
| Widowed | 1,111 (56.3) | 863 (43.7) | Satisfied | 3,586 (56.1) | 2,801 (43.9) | ||
| Never married | 40 (58.0) | 29 (42.0) | Life satisfaction | ||||
| Ethnic groups | Dissatisfied | 1,061 (56.2) | 828 (43.8) | 0.1 | |||
| Han | 5,130 (56.4) | 3,958 (43.6) | 0.1 | Satisfied | 4,469 (56.6) | 3,431 (43.4) | |
| Non-Han | 400 (57.1) | 301 (42.9) | Child relationship satisfaction | ||||
| Education | Dissatisfied | 268 (59.2) | 185 (40.8) | 1.75 | |||
| Illiteracy | 1733 (55.8) | 1,370 (44.2) | 2.68 | Satisfied | 5,209 (56.3) | 4,038 (43.7) | |
| Primary school and below | 2,390 (56.2) | 1866 (43.8) | No children | 53 (59.6) | 36 (43.5) | ||
| Elementary school and above | 1,407 (57.9) | 1,023 (42.1) | Marital satisfaction | ||||
| Smoking status | Dissatisfied | 486 (57.4) | 360 (42.6) | 0.43 | |||
| Smoking | 1714 (61.3) | 1,080 (38.7) | 60.52** | Satisfied | 4,363 (56.5) | 3,364 (43.5) | |
| Quitting | 794 (60.5) | 519 (39.5) | No spouse | 681 (56.0) | 535 (44.0) | ||
| Never smoking | 3,022 (53.2) | 2,660 (46.8) | Self-reported health | ||||
| Drinking or not | Very good | 487 (54.8) | 401 (45.2) | 7.68 | |||
| Drinking | 1,597 (63.8) | 905 (36.2) | 80.32** | Good | 561 (56.1) | 439 (43.9) | |
| Quitting | 438 (59.1) | 303 (40.9) | Fair | 2,902 (56.6) | 2,226 (43.4) | ||
| Never drinking | 3,489 (53.4) | 3,045 (46.6) | Bad | 1,197 (55.7) | 952 (44.3) | ||
| Chronic diseases | Very bad | 383 (61.4) | 241 (38.6) | ||||
| No chronic disease | 1,496 (71.6) | 592 (28.4) | 399.59** | BADL | |||
| Single chronic disease | 1,492 (62.8) | 884 (37.2) | Not limited | 4,949 (62.4) | 2,978 (37.6) | 598.30** | |
| Two or more chronic disease | 2,542 (47.7) | 2,783 (52.3) | Limited | 581 (31.2) | 1,281 (68.8) | ||
| During of sleep (hour) | IADL | ||||||
| <6 | 1,362 (41.1) | 1955 (58.9) | 487.42** | Not limited | 4,689 (64.1) | 2,624 (35.9) | 684.23** |
| 6 ~ 9 | 3,911 (64.6) | 2,144 (35.4) | Limited | 841 (34.0) | 1,635 (66.0) | ||
| >9 | 257 (61.6) | 160 (38.4) | |||||
(1) ADL, activities of daily life; BADL, basic activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living. (2) *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01.