|
Age, years
|
82.4±5.9bd
|
81.0±7.5a
|
82.0±6.6
|
81.5±6.3a
|
0.073
|
|
Female
|
565 (54.1)b
|
109 (32.3)acd
|
220 (55.8)b
|
155 (49.4)b
|
<0.001
|
|
Body mass index, kg/m²
|
26.4±5.5c
|
25.8±5.2c
|
27.0±5.7abd
|
25.9±5.1c
|
0.018
|
|
STS-PROM, %
|
5.4±4.1b
|
7.0±5.3acd
|
5.1±3.2b
|
5.1±3.5b
|
<0.001
|
|
NYHA III or IV
|
679 (65.0)b
|
262 (78.0)acd
|
273 (69.3)b
|
197 (62.7)b
|
<0.001
|
|
Concomitant diseases
|
|
Hypertension
|
882 (84.4)d
|
289 (85.8)
|
342 (86.8)
|
280 (89.2)a
|
0.177
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
256 (24.5)b
|
113 (33.5)ad
|
116 (29.4)
|
76 (24.2)b
|
0.004
|
|
CKD (eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
|
720 (69.0)
|
238 (70.6)
|
267 (67.8)
|
219 (70.0)
|
0.847
|
|
eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2
|
52.5±21.7b
|
50.2±22.1ac
|
53.1±21.6b
|
50.6±22.5
|
0.088
|
|
COPD
|
114 (10.9)c
|
47 (14.0)
|
61 (15.5)a
|
43 (13.7)
|
0.088
|
|
Coronary artery disease
|
580 (55.5)bd
|
231 (68.5)ac
|
240 (60.9)b
|
194 (61.8)a
|
<0.001
|
|
Atrial fibrillation
|
311 (29.8)bc
|
161 (47.8)ad
|
167 (42.4)ad
|
104 (33.1)bc
|
<0.001
|
|
Previous history
|
|
Previous myocardial infarction
|
120 (11.5)b
|
97 (28.8)acd
|
51 (12.9)b
|
40 (12.7)b
|
<0.001
|
|
Previous cardiac surgery
|
109 (10.4)bcd
|
81 (24.0)ac
|
64 (16.2)ab
|
57 (18.2)a
|
<0.001
|
|
Previous stroke
|
115 (11.0)b
|
52 (15.4)a
|
49 (12.4)
|
44 (14.0)
|
0.141
|
|
Previous permanent pacemaker implantation
|
63 (6.0)bc
|
49 (14.5)ad
|
42 (10.7)a
|
28 (8.9)b
|
<0.001
|
|
Peripheral artery disease
|
138 (13.2)b
|
61 (18.1)a
|
57 (14.5)
|
43 (13.7)
|
0.165
|
|
Echocardiography
|
|
Aortic valve area, cm²
|
0.63±0.23bcd
|
0.76±0.28ad
|
0.77±0.26ad
|
0.85±0.30abc
|
<0.001
|
|
Mean aortic valve pressure gradient, mmHg
|
53±13bcd
|
24±9acd
|
27±8ab
|
28±9ab
|
<0.001
|
|
Left ventricular ejection fraction, %
|
57±13bcd
|
32±11acd
|
61±7abd
|
63±7abc
|
<0.001
|
|
Left ventricular mass index, g/m2
|
139±44bcd
|
147±51acd
|
121±41ab
|
124±41ab
|
<0.001
|
|
Left atrial volume index, ml/m2
|
43±16bcd
|
49±23acd
|
42±17ab
|
42±24ab
|
<0.001
|
|
Mitral regurgitation ≥moderate
|
217 (21.0)b
|
141 (42.7)acd
|
80 (20.6)b
|
59 (19.2)b
|
<0.001
|
|
Tricuspid regurgitation ≥moderate
|
161 (15.6)bc
|
90 (27.4)ad
|
84 (21.6)a
|
52 (16.7)b
|
<0.001
|
|
Systolic pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg
|
46±18bd
|
49±19acd
|
46±18bd
|
43±16abc
|
<0.001
|
|
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, mm
|
21±5bc
|
17±6acd
|
19±5abd
|
21±5bc
|
<0.001
|
|
Stroke volume index, ml/m²
|
34±12bcd
|
25±6acd
|
26±6abd
|
45±12abc
|
<0.001
|
|
Computed tomography
|
|
Aortic valvular complex calcification, mm3
|
442.4±423.8bcd
|
213.3±229.9a
|
206.3±273.2a
|
200.3±203.6a
|
<0.001
|
|
Right heart catheterisation
|
|
Mean pulmonary artery pressure, mmHg
|
31±12bd
|
34±12acd
|
30±12bd
|
28±9abc
|
<0.001
|
|
Data are presented as n (%) or mean±standard deviation. ap-value<0.05 versus HG-AS. bp-value<0.05 versus classical LF LG-AS. cp-value<0.05 versus LF LG-AS with pEF. dp-value <0.05 versus NF LG-AS. AS: aortic stenosis; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; HG: high gradient; LF: low flow; LG: low gradient; NF: normal flow; NYHA: New York Heart Association; pEF: preserved ejection fraction; STS-PROM: Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality
|
