Table 1. Characteristics of the Patients at Baseline in the NICO Trial.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Restricted intubation (n = 116) | Control (n = 109) | |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 46 (39.7) | 39 (35.8) |
| Male | 70 (60.3) | 70 (64.2) |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 33 (25-49) | 34 (26-49) |
| Site of inclusion | ||
| Emergency department | 73 (62.9) | 66 (60.6) |
| Prehospital | 43 (37.1) | 42 (38.5) |
| Intensive care unit | 0 | 1 (0.9) |
| Heart rate, bpm | 85 (18) [n = 114] | 85 (20) [n = 107] |
| Heart rate >100 | 24 (21.1) | 20 (18.7) |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | n = 115 | n = 106 |
| Systolic, mean (SD) | 113.6 (14.8) | 117.9 (18.9) |
| Systolic ≤100 | 21 (18.3) | 18 (17.0) |
| Diastolic, mean (SD) | 70.3 (13.3) | 70.6 (14.2) [n = 107] |
| Respiratory rate, mean (SD), breaths per min | 17.2 (4.3) [n = 73] | 16.8 (4.4) [n = 72] |
| Respiratory rate ≤12 | 13 (17.8) | 10 (13.9) |
| Peripheral oxygen saturation, median (IQR), % | 97 (95-99) [n = 114] | 97(95-100) [n = 107] |
| Peripheral oxygen saturation <95% | 17 (14.9) | 17 (15.9) |
| Median Glasgow Coma Scale score, median (IQR) | 6 (3-7) | 6 (3-7) |
| Glasgow coma scale score = 3 | 38 (33) | 28 (23) |
| Estimated body mass indexa | 25 (5) [n = 98] | 24 (4) [n = 102] |
| Toxinb | ||
| Alcohol | 79 (68.1) | 71 (65.1) |
| Benzodiazepines | 45 (38.8) | 44 (40.4) |
| Neuroleptic | 25 (19.0) | 31 (28.4) |
| GHB/GBL | 14 (12.1) | 11 (10.1) |
| Crack/cocaine | 13 (11.2) | 6 (5.5) |
| Opioid/heroine | 11 (9.5) | 13 (11.9) |
| Amphetamines | 9 (7.8) | 11 (10.1) |
| Cannabinoid | 9 (7.8) | 6 (5.5) |
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 6 (5.2) | 9 (8.3) |
| Tricyclic antidepressant | 6 (5.2) | 9 (8.3) |
| Paracetamol | 5 (4.3) | 4 (3.7) |
| Other | 9 (7.8) | 11 (10.1) |
| Intubation | 19 (16.4) | 63 (57.8) |
Abbreviations: bpm, beats per minute; GHB, γ-hydroxybutyric acid; GBL, γ-butyrolactone; NICO, Non-invasive Airway Management of Comatose Poisoned Emergency Patients.
a
Calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
b
Toxins involved were either suspected, reported by the patient or a relative, or proven by biological analysis. The sum of percentages exceeds 100% because several toxins may be involved.