Table 1. Multivariable-Adjusted Health Care Costs for Patients Undergoing Common Elective and Emergent Surgeries, Stratified by Surgeon Sex.
| Period and outcome | Adjusted mean cost, $ (95% CI) | Adjusted mean difference in cost, $ (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male surgeons | Female surgeons | ||
| Within 30 d | |||
| Total health care costsa | 13 592 (11 250 to 16 423) | 10 477 (9018 to 12 173) | −3115 (−4548 to −1682) |
| Inpatient costsa | 8416 (6452 to 10 978) | 6309 (4772 to 8340) | −2108 (−3182 to −1033) |
| Postdischarge care costsb,c | 969 (960 to 977) | 453 (443 to 463) | −515 (−528 to −502) |
| Prescription medication costsb | 79 (79 to 80) | 51 (50 to 51) | −29 (−30 to −28) |
| Physician costsd,e | 2646 (2224 to 3148) | 2169 (1914 to 2458) | −477 (−759 to −195) |
| Within 90 d | |||
| Total health care costsa | 16 898 (13 924 to 20 507) | 12 670 (10 937 to 14 677) | −4228 (−6202 to −2255) |
| Inpatient costsb | 8574 (8541 to 8608) | 6407 (6342 to 6473) | −2167 (−2241 to −2094) |
| Postdischarge care costsb,c | 1626 (1612 to 1639) | 725 (709 to 741) | −901 (−922 to −880) |
| Prescription medication costsb | 229 (227 to 230) | 152 (150 to 154) | −77 (−79 to −74) |
| Physician costsa,e | 3064 (2619 to 3584) | 2494 (2250 to 2765) | −569 (−888 to −251) |
| Within 1 y | |||
| Total health care costsa | 24 882 (20 780 to 29 794) | 18 517 (16 080 to 21 324) | −6365 (−9238 to −3491) |
| Inpatient costsa | 11 600 (9073 to 14 830) | 8256 (6498 to 10 490) | −3344 (−4779 to −1908) |
| Postdischarge care costsb,c | 2837 (2813 to 2862) | 1265 (1238 to 1292) | −1572 (−1608 to −1536) |
| Prescription medication costsb | 872 (867 to 877) | 612 (603 to 622) | −260 (−271 to −249) |
| Physician costsc,e | 4289 (3712 to 4955) | 3586 (3228 to 3984) | −702 (−1076 to −329) |
Results from generalized estimating equation negative binomial modeling with clustering based on procedure fee code, adjusted for surgeon age, annual case volume, and years in practice; anesthesiologist age, annual case volume, and years in practice; patient age, comorbidity, rurality, and income quintile; and hospital status.
Results from ordinary negative binomial modeling, adjusted for surgeon age, annual case volume, and years in practice; anesthesiologist age, annual case volume, and years in practice; and patient age and comorbidity.
Includes National Rehabilitation Reporting System, Continuing Care Costs, long-term, and Home Care Database.
Results from generalized estimating equation negative binomial modeling with clustering based on procedure fee code, adjusted for surgeon age, annual case volume, and years in practice; anesthesiologist age, annual case volume, and years in practice; and patient age and comorbidity.
Includes fee-for-service billings payable through the Ontario Health Insurance Plan for general practitioners and specialist physicians.