Table 2.
Surgical outcomes, pathologic findings and recovery courses
| SILS + 1 (n = 258) N (%) or mean (SD) |
CLS (n = 516) N (%) or mean (SD) |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Operating time (min) | 131.80 (43.40) | 153.78 (57.39) | < 0.001 |
| Estimated blood loss (ml) | 25.45 (29.88) | 51.11 (52.16) | 0.01 |
| Intraoperative blood transfusion | 3 (1.2) | 7 (1.4) | 0.82 |
| Additional trocar† | 10 (3.8) | – | – |
| Additional 1 | 7 (2.7) | – | – |
| Additional 2 | 2 (0.7) | – | – |
| Additional 3 | 1 (0.4) | – | – |
| Conversion to open surgery | 1 (0.4) | 11 (2.1) | 0.06 |
| Incision length (cm) | 6.12 (1.12) | 8.23 (2.33) | < 0.01 |
| Tumor size (cm) | 2.97 (1.32) | 3.01 (1.21) | 0.91 |
| Differentiation | 0.96 | ||
| Well | 24 (9.3) | 68 (13.2) | |
| Moderate | 202 (78.3) | 365 (70.7) | |
| Poor | 36 (14.0) | 83 (16.1) | |
| No. of harvested lymph nodes | 21.41 (11.12) | 23.52 (10.71) | 0.41 |
| Proximal resection margin (cm) | 9.72 (3.41) | 10.40 (3.82) | 0.26 |
| Distal resection margin (cm) | 6.31 (2.63) | 6.62 (2.82) | 0.68 |
| Depth of invasion | 0.95 | ||
| T1 | 23 (8.9) | 42 (8.1) | |
| T2 | 35 (13.6) | 76 (14.7) | |
| T3 | 54 (21.0) | 122 (23.6) | |
| T4 | 135 (52.3) | 276 (53.4) | |
| Lymph node metastasis | 0.97 | ||
| N0 | 160 (62.0) | 338 (66.5) | |
| N1 | 74 (28.7) | 113 (21.9) | |
| N2 | 24 (9.3) | 65 (12.6) | |
| Pathologic TNM stage‡ | 0.33 | ||
| I | 60 (23.3) | 118 (22.9) | |
| II | 98 (38.0) | 227 (44.0) | |
| III | 100 (38.8) | 171 (33.1) | |
| Time to ambulation (day) | 1.82 (0.9) | 2.21 (1.2) | 0.02 |
| Time to first flatus (day) | 1.77 (0.87) | 2.61 (1.07) | < 0.01 |
| Time to first defecation (day) | 2.37 (1.32) | 3.19 (1.16) | < 0.01 |
| Time to liquid diet (day) | 2.11 (0.79) | 2.98 (1.29) | < 0.01 |
| Time to soft diet (day) | 3.80 (1.18) | 4.69 (1.54) | < 0.01 |
| VAS | |||
| POD 1 | 2.72 (0.54) | 2.86 (0.67) | 0.48 |
| POD 2 | 2.50 (0.41) | 2.53 (0.61) | 0.85 |
| POD 3 | 2.01 (0.45) | 2.28 (0.42) | 0.04 |
| POD 4 | 1.65 (0.61) | 1.89 (0.39) | 0.02 |
| Discharge day | 1.35 (0.49) | 1.42 (0.51) | 0.76 |
| Postoperative hospital stay (day) | 5.23 (2.2) | 7.42 (3.6) | < 0.01 |
†Including patients required one to three additional trocars during operation
‡According to 8th edition AJCC staging system
Abbreviation: SILS + 1, single-incision plus one-port laparoscopic surgery; CLS, conventional laparoscopic surgery; VAS, visual analogue scale; POD, postoperative day; TNM, tumor-node-metastasis; SD, standard deviation