Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics according to the patterns of LV LGE
| Variables | All patients (n = 73) |
No LGE (n = 10) |
Non-ringlike LGE (n = 33) |
Ringlike LGE (n = 30) |
P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 39.3 ± 14.4 | 30.6 ± 8.4 | 37.2 ± 14.9 | 44.5 ± 13.7 | 0.017 |
| Male, n (%) | 51(69.9) | 4(40.0) | 25(75.8) | 22(73.3) | 0.10 |
| BSA (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 0.20 |
| Systemic hypertension, n (%) | 13(17.8) | 2(20.0) | 6(18.2) | 5(16.7) | 0.97 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 7(9.6) | 1(10.0) | 2(6.1) | 4(13.3) | 0.61 |
| History of syncope, n (%) | 15(20.5) | 1(10.0) | 3(9.1) | 11(36.7) | 0.017 |
| Family history of CAD, n (%) | 5(6.8) | 1(10.0) | 2(6.1) | 2(6.7) | 0.92 |
| Proband, n (%) | 39(53.4) | 4(40.0) | 14(42.4) | 21(70.0) | 0.06 |
| NYHA III–IV, n (%) | 20(27.4) | 0 | 6(18.2) | 14(46.7) | 0.002 |
| NSVT, n (%) | 41(56.2) | 2(20.0) | 21(63.6) | 18(60.0) | 0.051 |
| 24-h PVC count (≥ 1000), n (%) | 49(67.1) | 5(50.0) | 23(69.7) | 21(70.0) | 0.46 |
| Inverted T-wave, n | 2(0–4) | 3(0–4) | 1(0–4) | 3(0–5) | 0.17 |
| Genotype (n = 32), n (%) | 32(43.8) | 3(30.0) | 13(39.4) | 16(53.3) | 0.36 |
| PKP2 | 15(20.5) | 2(20.0) | 7(21.2) | 6(20.0) | |
| DSP | 8(11.0) | 0 | 2(6.1) | 6(20.0) | |
| DSG2 | 4 (5.5) | 1(10.0) | 1(3.0) | 2(6.7) | |
| DSC2 | 2(2.7) | 0 | 1(3.0) | 1(3.3) | |
| Other | 3(4.1) | 0 | 2(6.1) | 1(3.3) | |
| Therapy, n (%) | |||||
| Beta-blockers | 59(80.8) | 8(80.0) | 26(78.8) | 25(83.3) | 0.90 |
| ACE inhibitors | 31(42.5) | 3(30.0) | 14(42.4) | 14(46.7) | 0.65 |
| Antiarrhythmic drug | 38(52.1) | 5(50.0) | 19(57.6) | 14(46.7) | 0.68 |
| Diuretic agent | 19(26.0) | 3(30.0) | 8(24.2) | 8(26.7) | 0.93 |
| ICD | 27(37.0) | 2(20.0) | 12(36.4) | 13(43.3) | 0.39 |
| 5-yr ARVC risk score, (%) | 18.9 ± 8.2 | 15.9 ± 8.0 | 18.8 ± 7.7 | 20.8 ± 8.6 | 0.19 |
| Sustained VA, n (%) | 34(46.6) | 1(10.0) | 13(39.4) | 20(66.7) | 0.003 |
Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range) and discrete variables as n (%). Values in bold indicate P < 0.05
LV left ventricular, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, BSA body surface area, CAD coronary artery disease, NYHA New York Heart Association, NSVT non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, PVC premature ventricular complex, PKP2 plakophilin-2, DSP desmoplakin, DSG2 desmoglein-2, DSC2 desmocollin-2, ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ICD implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, ARVC arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, VA ventricular arrhythmia