Table 5.
Multivariable logistic regression analyzing factors associated with the recognition of each food-related mythical cause of breast cancer
| Characteristic | Eating burnt food | Drinking from plastic bottles | ||||||
|
No (N = 3843) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1414) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value |
No (N = 3940) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1317) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 2557 (66.5) | 1058 (74.8) | Ref | Ref | 2638 (67.0) | 977 (74.2) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1286 (33.5) | 356 (25.2) | 0.64 (0.55- 0.76) | < 0.001 | 1302 (33.0) | 340 (25.8) | 0.78 (0.66- 0.93) | 0.005 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 2258 (58.8) | 772 (54.6) | Ref | Ref | 2301 (58.4) | 729 (55.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1585 (41.2) | 642 (45.4) | 0.96 (0.83- 1.11) | 0.55 | 1639 (41.6) | 588 (44.6) | 0.98 (0.85- 1.14) | 0.81 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 2698 (70.2) | 883 (62.4) | Ref | Ref | 2725 (69.2) | 856 (65.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 740 (19.3) | 312 (22.1) | 1.01 (0.85- 1.21) | 0.89 | 793 (20.1) | 259 (19.7) | 0.95 (0.79- 1.14) | 0.55 |
| Student | 405 (10.5) | 219 (15.5) | 1.17 (0.92- 1.48) | 0.21 | 422 (10.7) | 202 (15.3) | 1.07 (0.84- 1.35) | 0.60 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1724 (44.9) | 478 (33.8) | Ref | Ref | 1614 (41.0) | 588 (44.6) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2119 (55.1) | 936 (66.2) | 1.08 (0.92- 1.28) | 0.35 | 2326 (59.0) | 729 (55.4) | 0.88 (0.74- 1.04) | 0.13 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 880 (22.9) | 421 (29.8) | Ref | Ref | 899 (22.8) | 402 (30.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 2750 (71.6) | 908 (64.2) | 0.95 (0.79- 1.14) | 0.56 | 2815 (71.4) | 843 (64.0) | 0.83 (0.69- 0.99) | 0.041 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 213 (5.5) | 85 (6.0) | 1.18 (0.86- 1.61) | 0.30 | 226 (5.8) | 72 (5.5) | 0.92 (0.66- 1.26) | 0.59 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 2026 (52.7) | 525 (37.1) | Ref | Ref | 1871 (47.5) | 680 (51.6) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 1817 (47.3) | 889 (62.9) | 1.76 (1.49- 2.07) | < 0.001 | 2069 (52.5) | 637 (48.4) | 0.91 (0.78- 1.07) | 0.27 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 3042 (79.2) | 1157 (81.8) | Ref | Ref | 3113 (79.0) | 1086 (82.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 801 (20.8) | 257 (18.2) | 0.99 (0.82- 1.18) | 0.88 | 827 (21.0) | 231 (17.5) | 0.98 (0.82- 1.18) | 0.85 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 2039 (53.1) | 698 (49.4) | Ref | Ref | 2026 (51.4) | 711 (54.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1804 (46.9) | 716 (50.6) | 1.07 (0.94- 1.21) | 0.30 | 1914 (48.6) | 606 (46.0) | 0.91 (0.80- 1.03) | 0.14 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 1209 (31.5) | 612 (43.3) | Ref | Ref | 1264 (32.1) | 557 (42.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1569 (40.8) | 547 (38.7) | 0.76 (0.65- 0.88) | < 0.001 | 1647 (41.8) | 469 (35.6) | 0.70 (0.60- 0.81) | < 0.001 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 1065 (27.7) | 255 (18.0) | 0.55 (0.46- 0.66) | < 0.001 | 1029 (26.1) | 291 (22.1) | 0.65 (0.54- 0.77) | < 0.001 |
| Characteristic | Eating food containing artificial sweeteners | Using microwave ovens | ||||||
|
No (N = 4151) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1106) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value |
No (N = 4420) n (%) |
Yes (N = 837) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 2823 (68.0) | 792 (71.6) | Ref | Ref | 2997 (67.8) | 618 (73.8) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1328 (32.0) | 314 (28.4) | 0.90 (0.76- 1.08) | 0.26 | 1423 (32.2) | 219 (26.2) | 0.85 (0.70- 1.04) | 0.11 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 2380 (57.3) | 650 (58.8) | Ref | Ref | 2570 (58.1) | 460 (55.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1771 (42.7) | 456 (41.2) | 0.85 (0.72- 1.00) | 0.06 | 1850 (41.9) | 377 (45.0) | 0.97 (0.81- 1.16) | 0.73 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 2846 (68.6) | 735 (66.5) | Ref | Ref | 3058 (69.2) | 523 (62.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 852 (20.5) | 200 (18.1) | 0.89 (0.73- 1.09) | 0.25 | 863 (19.5) | 189 (22.6) | 1.14 (0.92- 1.41) | 0.24 |
| Student | 453 (10.9) | 171 (15.4) | 1.31 (1.01- 1.69) | 0.041 | 499 (11.3) | 125 (14.9) | 1.00 (0.76- 1.33) | 0.98 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1702 (41.0) | 500 (45.2) | Ref | Ref | 1845 (41.7) | 357 (42.7) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2449 (59.0) | 606 (54.8) | 0.93 (0.78- 1.11) | 0.44 | 2575 (58.3) | 480 (57.3) | 0.79 (0.65- 0.97) | 0.024 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 997 (24.0) | 304 (27.5) | Ref | Ref | 1037 (23.5) | 264 (31.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 2928 (70.5) | 730 (66.0) | 1.09 (0.90- 1.34) | 0.38 | 3130 (70.8) | 528 (63.1) | 0.83 (0.67- 1.03) | 0.09 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 226 (5.5) | 72 (6.5) | 1.43 (1.02- 2.00) | 0.036 | 253 (5.7) | 45 (5.4) | 0.84 (0.58- 1.23) | 0.37 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 1975 (47.6) | 576 (52.1) | Ref | Ref | 2163 (48.9) | 388 (46.4) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 2176 (52.4) | 530 (47.9) | 0.83 (0.70- 0.99) | 0.034 | 2257 (51.1) | 449 (53.6) | 1.24 (1.02- 1.50) | 0.030 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 3280 (79.0) | 919 (83.1) | Ref | Ref | 3500 (79.2) | 699 (83.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 871 (21.0) | 187 (16.9) | 0.79 (0.65- 0.96) | 0.020 | 920 (20.8) | 138 (16.5) | 0.85 (0.68- 1.07) | 0.16 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 2154 (51.9) | 583 (52.7) | Ref | Ref | 2265 (51.2) | 472 (56.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1997 (48.1) | 523 (47.3) | 0.95 (0.83- 1.09) | 0.45 | 2155 (48.8) | 365 (43.6) | 0.77 (0.66- 0.90) | 0.001 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 1334 (32.1) | 487 (44.0) | Ref | Ref | 1445 (32.7) | 376 (44.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1687 (40.6) | 429 (38.8) | 0.70 (0.60 -0.82) | < 0.001 | 1804 (40.8) | 312 (37.3) | 0.71 (0.59- 0.85) | < 0.001 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 1130 (27.3) | 190 (17.2) | 0.43 (0.35- 0.52) | < 0.001 | 1171 (26.5) | 149 (17.8) | 0.51 (0.41- 0.63) | < 0.001 |
| Characteristic | Eating genetically modified food | Eating food containing additives | ||||||
|
No (N = 4550) n (%) |
Yes (N = 707) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value |
No (N = 4658) n (%) |
Yes (N = 599) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 3065 (67.4) | 550 (77.8) | Ref | Ref | 3143 (67.5) | 472 (78.8) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1485 (32.6) | 157 (22.2) | 0.58 (0.47- 0.73) | < 0.001 | 1515 (32.5) | 127 (21.2) | 0.59 (0.47- 0.76) | < 0.001 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 2588 (56.9) | 442 (62.5) | Ref | Ref | 2664 (57.2) | 366 (61.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1962 (43.1) | 265 (37.5) | 0.61 (0.50- 0.73) | < 0.001 | 1994 (42.8) | 233 (38.9) | 0.67 (0.55- 0.83) | < 0.001 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 3121 (68.6) | 460 (65.1) | Ref | Ref | 3178 (68.2) | 403 (67.3) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 917 (20.2) | 135 (19.1) | 1.06 (0.83- 1.34) | 0.66 | 950 (20.4) | 102 (17.0) | 0.73 (0.56- 0.95) | 0.018 |
| Student | 512 (11.2) | 112 (15.8) | 1.19 (0.88- 1.60) | 0.27 | 530 (11.4) | 94 (15.7) | 0.79 (0.57- 1.08) | 0.13 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1870 (41.1) | 332 (47.0) | Ref | Ref | 1949 (41.8) | 253 (42.2) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2680 (58.9) | 375 (53.0) | 0.77 (0.62- 0.95) | 0.016 | 2709 (58.2) | 346 (57.8) | 0.93 (0.74- 1.17) | 0.53 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 1087 (23.9) | 214 (30.3) | Ref | Ref | 1094 (23.5) | 207 (34.6) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 3206 (70.5) | 452 (63.9) | 0.98 (0.78- 1.23) | 0.85 | 3299 (70.8) | 359 (59.9) | 0.60 (0.47- 0.76) | < 0.001 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 257 (5.6) | 41 (5.8) | 1.15 (0.77- 1.73) | 0.49 | 265 (5.7) | 33 (5.5) | 0.81 (0.52- 1.25) | 0.33 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 2196 (48.3) | 355 (50.2) | Ref | Ref | 2276 (48.9) | 275 (45.9) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 2354 (51.7) | 352 (49.8) | 1.05 (0.85- 1.29) | 0.67 | 2382 (51.1) | 324 (54.1) | 1.22 (0.97- 1.52) | 0.09 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 3596 (79.0) | 603 (85.3) | Ref | Ref | 3685 (79.1) | 514 (85.8) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 954 (21.0) | 104 (14.7) | 0.78 (0.61- 1.00) | 0.049 | 973 (20.9) | 85 (14.2) | 0.75 (0.57- 0.98) | 0.038 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 2363 (51.9) | 374 (52.9) | Ref | Ref | 2420 (52.0) | 317 (52.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 2187 (48.1) | 333 (47.1) | 0.95 (0.81- 1.12) | 0.54 | 2238 (48.0) | 282 (47.1) | 0.98 (0.82- 1.17) | 0.80 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 1481 (32.5) | 340 (48.1) | Ref | Ref | 1556 (33.4) | 265 (44.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1860 (40.9) | 256 (36.2) | 0.60 (0.50- 0.73) | < 0.001 | 1891 (40.6) | 225 (37.6) | 0.75 (0.61- 0.92) | 0.005 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 1209 (26.6) | 111 (15.7) | 0.38 (0.30- 0.48) | < 0.001 | 1211 (26.0) | 109 (18.2) | 0.55 (0.43- 0.71) | < 0.001 |
Answers with ‘disagree’ or ‘strongly disagree’ were considered correct; all other answers were considered incorrect
AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, WBJ West Bank and Jerusalem
aAdjusted for age-group, educational level, occupation, monthly income, marital status, residency, having a chronic disease, knowing someone with cancer, and site of data collection