Table 6.
Multivariable logistic regression analyzing factors associated with the recognition of each food-unrelated mythical cause of breast cancer
| Characteristic | Having a physical trauma | Using aerosol containers | ||||||
|
No (N = 2462) n (%) |
Yes (N = 2795) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value |
No (N = 3187) n (%) |
Yes (N = 2070) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 1653 (67.1) | 1962 (70.2) | Ref | Ref | 2105 (66.0) | 1510 (72.9) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 809 (32.9) | 833 (29.8) | 0.90 (0.78- 1.03) | 0.14 | 1082 (34.0) | 560 (27.1) | 0.73 (0.63- 0.84) | < 0.001 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 1480 (60.1) | 1550 (55.5) | Ref | Ref | 1861 (58.4) | 1169 (56.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 982 (39.9) | 1245 (44.5) | 1.23 (1.08- 1.41) | 0.002 | 1326 (41.6) | 901 (43.5) | 0.92 (0.80- 1.05) | 0.20 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 1671 (67.9) | 1910 (68.3) | Ref | Ref | 2202 (69.1) | 1379 (66.6) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 496 (20.1) | 556 (19.9) | 0.84 (0.71- 0.98) | 0.028 | 635 (19.9) | 417 (20.1) | 0.84 (0.71- 0.99) | 0.038 |
| Student | 295 (12.0) | 329 (11.8) | 0.88 (0.71- 1.10) | 0.26 | 350 (11.0) | 274 (13.3) | 0.77 (0.62- 0.96) | 0.023 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1087 (44.2) | 1115 (39.9) | Ref | Ref | 1398 (43.9) | 804 (38.8) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 1375 (55.8) | 1680 (60.1) | 1.09 (0.95- 1.26) | 0.22 | 1789 (56.1) | 1266 (61.2) | 1.23 (1.06- 1.43) | 0.007 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 627 (25.5) | 674 (24.1) | Ref | Ref | 709 (22.2) | 592 (28.6) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 1685 (68.4) | 1973 (70.6) | 1.20 (1.02- 1.42) | 0.025 | 2292 (71.9) | 1366 (66.0) | 0.81 (0.69- 0.96) | 0.013 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 150 (6.1) | 148 (5.3) | 1.09 (0.83- 1.44) | 0.54 | 186 (5.9) | 112 (5.4) | 0.88 (0.66- 1.18) | 0.39 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 1240 (50.4) | 1311 (46.9) | Ref | Ref | 1590 (49.9) | 961 (46.4) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 1222 (49.6) | 1484 (53.1) | 1.12 (0.98- 1.29) | 0.10 | 1597 (50.1) | 1109 (53.6) | 1.02 (0.88- 1.17) | 0.83 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 1938 (78.7) | 2261 (80.9) | Ref | Ref | 2515 (78.9) | 1684 (81.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 524 (21.3) | 534 (19.1) | 0.92 (0.79- 1.08) | 0.32 | 672 (21.1) | 386 (18.6) | 1.02 (0.86- 1.19) | 0.86 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 1314 (53.4) | 1423 (50.9) | Ref | Ref | 1663 (52.2) | 1074 (51.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1148 (46.6) | 1372 (49.1) | 1.08 (0.97- 1.21) | 0.16 | 1524 (47.8) | 996 (48.1) | 0.96 (0.86- 1.08) | 0.54 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 813 (33.0) | 1008 (36.1) | Ref | Ref | 952 (29.9) | 869 (42.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1028 (41.8) | 1088 (38.9) | 0.84 (0.73- 0.96) | 0.009 | 1349 (42.3) | 767 (37.0) | 0.64 (0.55- 0.73) | < 0.001 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 621 (25.2) | 699 (25.0) | 0.89 (0.76- 1.03) | 0.12 | 886 (27.8) | 434 (21.0) | 0.54 (0.46- 0.63) | < 0.001 |
| Characteristic | Using cleaning products | Feeling stressed | ||||||
|
No (N = 3510) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1747) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value |
No (N = 3623) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1634) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 2324 (66.2) | 1291 (73.9) | Ref | Ref | 2479 (68.4) | 1136 (69.5) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1186 (33.8) | 456 (26.1) | 0.66 (0.57- 0.77) | < 0.001 | 1144 (31.6) | 498 (30.5) | 0.96 (0.82- 1.11) | 0.57 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 2013 (57.4) | 1017 (58.2) | Ref | Ref | 2058 (56.8) | 972 (59.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1497 (42.6) | 730 (41.8) | 0.85 (0.74- 0.97) | 0.017 | 1565 (43.2) | 662 (40.5) | 0.88 (0.77- 1.01) | 0.08 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 2377 (67.7) | 1204 (68.9) | Ref | Ref | 2445 (67.5) | 1136 (69.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 705 (20.1) | 347 (19.9) | 0.95 (0.80- 1.12) | 0.51 | 757 (20.9) | 295 (18.1) | 0.83 (0.70- 0.99) | 0.037 |
| Student | 428 (12.2) | 196 (11.2) | 0.70 (0.56- 0.88) | 0.003 | 421 (11.6) | 203 (12.4) | 0.99 (0.79- 1.26) | 0.96 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1447 (41.2) | 755 (43.2) | Ref | Ref | 1493 (41.2) | 709 (43.4) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2063 (58.8) | 992 (56.8) | 1.11 (0.95- 1.30) | 0.18 | 2130 (58.8) | 925 (56.6) | 1.06 (0.90- 1.23) | 0.50 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 847 (24.1) | 454 (26.0) | Ref | Ref | 902 (24.9) | 399 (24.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 2451 (69.8) | 1207 (69.1) | 0.95 (0.80- 1.12) | 0.53 | 2518 (69.5) | 1140 (69.8) | 1.15 (0.96- 1.37) | 0.13 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 212 (6.1) | 86 (4.9) | 0.88 (0.65- 1.20) | 0.43 | 203 (5.6) | 95 (5.8) | 1.22 (0.90- 1.65) | 0.19 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 1640 (46.7) | 911 (52.1) | Ref | Ref | 1719 (47.4) | 832 (50.9) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 1870 (53.3) | 836 (47.9) | 0.76 (0.66- 0.88) | < 0.001 | 1904 (52.6) | 802 (49.1) | 0.83 (0.71- 0.96) | 0.015 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 2771 (78.9) | 1428 (81.7) | Ref | Ref | 2872 (79.3) | 1327 (81.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 739 (21.1) | 319 (18.3) | 1.03 (0.87- 1.21) | 0.76 | 751 (20.7) | 307 (18.8) | 0.88 (0.74- 1.04) | 0.13 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 1831 (52.2) | 906 (51.9) | Ref | Ref | 1872 (51.7) | 865 (52.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1679 (47.8) | 841 (48.1) | 1.03 (0.91- 1.15) | 0.68 | 1751 (48.3) | 769 (47.1) | 0.93 (0.83- 1.05) | 0.24 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 1143 (32.6) | 678 (38.8) | Ref | Ref | 1173 (32.4) | 648 (39.7) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1462 (41.7) | 654 (37.4) | 0.73 (0.64- 0.85) | < 0.001 | 1471 (40.6) | 645 (39.5) | 0.74 (0.64- 0.85) | < 0.001 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 905 (25.7) | 415 (23.8) | 0.70 (0.60- 0.82) | < 0.001 | 979 (27.0) | 341 (20.8) | 0.56 (0.47- 0.66) | < 0.001 |
| Characteristic | Exposure to electromagnetic frequencies | Living near power lines | ||||||
|
No (N = 3807) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1450) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value |
No (N = 4019) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1238) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)a | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 2626 (69.0) | 989 (68.2) | Ref | Ref | 2720 (67.7) | 895 (72.3) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1181 (31.0) | 461 (31.8) | 0.95 (0.81- 1.11) | 0.51 | 1299 (32.3) | 343 (27.7) | 0.86 (0.73- 1.02) | 0.09 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 2136 (56.1) | 894 (61.7) | Ref | Ref | 2336 (58.1) | 694 (56.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1671 (43.9) | 556 (38.3) | 0.85 (0.73- 0.98) | 0.026 | 1683 (41.9) | 544 (43.9) | 1.02 (0.88–1.19) | 0.76 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 2536 (66.6) | 1045 (72.1) | Ref | Ref | 2746 (68.3) | 835 (67.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 796 (20.9) | 256 (17.7) | 0.78 (0.65- 0.94) | 0.009 | 816 (20.3) | 236 (19.1) | 0.88 (0.73- 1.06) | 0.17 |
| Student | 475 (12.5) | 149 (10.2) | 0.74 (0.58- 0.95) | 0.019 | 457 (11.4) | 167 (13.5) | 0.96 (0.75- 1.24) | 0.77 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1605 (42.2) | 597 (41.2) | Ref | Ref | 1677 (41.7) | 525 (42.4) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2202 (57.8) | 853 (58.8) | 1.02 (0.87- 1.20) | 0.83 | 2342 (58.3) | 713 (57.6) | 1.00 (0.84- 1.18) | 0.96 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 963 (25.3) | 338 (23.3) | Ref | Ref | 962 (23.9) | 339 (27.4) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 2621 (68.8) | 1037 (71.5) | 0.99 (0.82- 1.19) | 0.90 | 2813 (70.0) | 845 (68.3) | 0.96 (0.80- 1.16) | 0.69 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 223 (5.9) | 75 (5.2) | 0.84 (0.61- 1.15) | 0.28 | 244 (6.1) | 54 (4.4) | 0.74 (0.52- 1.05) | 0.09 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 1888 (49.6) | 663 (45.7) | Ref | Ref | 1933 (48.1) | 618 (49.9) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 1919 (50.4) | 787 (54.3) | 1.15 (0.98- 1.35) | 0.08 | 2086 (51.9) | 620 (50.1) | 0.93 (0.79- 1.10) | 0.41 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 3048 (80.1) | 1151 (79.4) | Ref | Ref | 3187 (79.3) | 1012 (81.7) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 759 (19.9) | 299 (20.6) | 0.97 (0.81- 1.15) | 0.69 | 832 (20.7) | 226 (18.3) | 0.97 (0.80- 1.17) | 0.74 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 1993 (52.4) | 744 (51.3) | Ref | Ref | 2084 (51.9) | 653 (52.7) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1814 (47.6) | 706 (48.7) | 1.02 (0.90- 1.15) | 0.78 | 1935 (48.1) | 585 (47.3) | 0.96 (0.84- 1.09) | 0.54 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 1307 (34.3) | 514 (35.4) | Ref | Ref | 1332 (33.1) | 489 (39.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1495 (39.3) | 621 (42.8) | 0.95 (0.82- 1.10) | 0.52 | 1637 (40.7) | 479 (38.7) | 0.81 (0.69- 0.94) | 0.007 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 1005 (26.4) | 315 (21.8) | 0.74 (0.63- 0.88) | 0.001 | 1050 (26.2) | 270 (21.8) | 0.68 (0.57- 0.81) | < 0.001 |
| Characteristic | Using deodorants | Using mobile phones | ||||||
|
No (N = 4035) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1222) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)* | p-value |
No (N = 4142) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1115) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)* | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18 to 39 | 2758 (68.4) | 857 (70.1) | Ref | Ref | 2763 (66.7) | 852 (76.4) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1277 (31.6) | 365 (29.9) | 0.91 (0.77- 1.08) | 0.27 | 1379 (33.3) | 263 (23.6) | 0.75 (0.62- 0.90) | 0.002 |
| Educational level | ||||||||
| Secondary or below | 2312 (57.3) | 718 (58.8) | Ref | Ref | 2451 (59.2) | 579 (51.9) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1723 (42.7) | 504 (41.2) | 0.89 (0.76- 1.03) | 0.13 | 1691 (40.8) | 536 (48.1) | 0.97 (0.83- 1.14) | 0.74 |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 2753 (68.2) | 828 (67.8) | Ref | Ref | 2918 (70.4) | 663 (59.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 820 (20.4) | 232 (19.0) | 0.87 (0.72- 1.05) | 0.14 | 790 (19.1) | 262 (23.5) | 1.19 (0.98- 1.44) | 0.07 |
| Student | 462 (11.4) | 162 (13.2) | 0.92 (0.71- 1.18) | 0.50 | 434 (10.5) | 190 (17.0) | 1.12 (0.87- 1.43) | 0.38 |
| Monthly income | ||||||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1701 (42.2) | 501 (41.0) | Ref | Ref | 1761 (42.5) | 441 (39.6) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2334 (57.8) | 721 (59.0) | 1.01 (0.85- 1.20) | 0.88 | 2381 (57.5) | 674 (60.4) | 1.07 (0.89- 1.27) | 0.48 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Single | 958 (23.7) | 343 (28.1) | Ref | Ref | 916 (22.1) | 385 (34.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 2843 (70.5) | 815 (66.7) | 0.82 (0.68- 0.98) | 0.034 | 2982 (72.0) | 676 (60.6) | 0.74 (0.61- 0.89) | 0.001 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 234 (5.8) | 64 (5.2) | 0.76 (0.54- 1.05) | 0.10 | 244 (5.9) | 54 (4.9) | 0.75 (0.53- 1.06) | 0.11 |
| Residency | ||||||||
| Gaza Strip | 1980 (49.1) | 571 (46.7) | Ref | Ref | 2009 (48.5) | 542 (48.6) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 2055 (50.9) | 651 (53.3) | 1.07 (0.91- 1.27) | 0.41 | 2133 (51.5) | 573 (51.4) | 0.96 (0.81- 1.14) | 0.67 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||||||
| No | 3229 (80.0) | 970 (79.4) | Ref | Ref | 3265 (78.8) | 934 (83.8) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 806 (20.0) | 252 (20.6) | 1.09 (0.91- 1.31) | 0.33 | 877 (21.2) | 181 (16.2) | 0.98 (0.80- 1.20) | 0.87 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||||||
| No | 2117 (52.5) | 620 (50.7) | Ref | Ref | 2135 (51.5) | 602 (54.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1918 (47.5) | 602 (49.3) | 1.05 (0.92- 1.19) | 0.49 | 2007 (48.5) | 513 (46.0) | 0.89 (0.77- 1.02) | 0.09 |
| Site of data collection | ||||||||
| Public Spaces | 1335 (33.1) | 486 (39.8) | Ref | Ref | 1308 (31.6) | 513 (46.0) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1647 (40.8) | 469 (38.4) | 0.79 (0.67- 0.92) | 0.003 | 1774 (42.8) | 342 (30.7) | 0.58 (0.49- 0.68) | <0.001 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 1053 (26.1) | 267 (21.8) | 0.72 (0.60- 0.86) | <0.001 | 1060 (25.6) | 260 (23.3) | 0.70 (0.58- 0.84) | <0.001 |
| Characteristic | Wearing tight bra | |||
|
No (N = 4239) n (%) |
Yes (N = 1018) n (%) |
AOR (95% CI)* | p-value | |
| Age group | ||||
| 18 to 39 | 2884 (68.0) | 731 (71.8) | Ref | Ref |
| 40 or older | 1355 (32.0) | 287 (28.2) | 0.85 (0.71- 1.02) | 0.08 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Secondary or below | 2384 (56.2) | 646 (63.5) | Ref | Ref |
| Post–secondary | 1855 (43.8) | 372 (36.5) | 0.68 (0.56- 0.81) | <0.001 |
| Occupation | ||||
| Unemployed/housewife | 2867 (67.6) | 714 (70.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Employed | 882 (20.8) | 170 (16.7) | 0.80 (0.65- 0.99) | 0.042 |
| Student | 490 (11.6) | 134 (13.2) | 0.92 (0.71- 1.21) | 0.57 |
| Monthly income | ||||
| < 1450 NIS | 1742 (41.1) | 460 (45.2) | Ref | Ref |
| ≥ 1450 NIS | 2497 (58.9) | 558 (54.8) | 0.86 (0.71- 1.03) | 0.10 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Single | 1024 (24.2) | 277 (27.2) | Ref | Ref |
| Married | 2972 (70.1) | 686 (67.4) | 0.88 (0.72- 1.08) | 0.22 |
| Divorced/Widowed | 243 (5.7) | 55 (5.4) | 0.88 (0.62- 1.26) | 0.49 |
| Residency | ||||
| Gaza Strip | 2053 (48.4) | 498 (48.9) | Ref | Ref |
| WBJ | 2186 (51.6) | 520 (51.1) | 1.09 (0.91- 1.30) | 0.36 |
| Having a chronic disease | ||||
| No | 3356 (79.2) | 843 (82.8) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 883 (20.8) | 175 (17.2) | 0.79 (0.64- 0.97) | 0.022 |
| Knowing someone with cancer | ||||
| No | 2196 (51.8) | 541 (53.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 2043 (48.2) | 477 (46.9) | 0.95 (0.82- 1.09) | 0.48 |
| Site of data collection | ||||
| Public Spaces | 1403 (33.1) | 418 (41.1) | Ref | Ref |
| Hospitals | 1725 (40.7) | 391 (38.4) | 0.72 (0.61- 0.85) | <0.001 |
| Primary healthcare centers | 1111 (26.2) | 209 (20.5) | 0.59 (0.48- 0.72) | <0.001 |
Answers with ‘disagree’ or ‘strongly disagree’ were considered correct; all other answers were considered incorrect
AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval, WBJ West Bank and Jerusalem
aAdjusted for age-group, educational level, occupation, monthly income, marital status, residency, having a chronic disease, knowing someone with cancer, and site of data collection