(A) Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) removal efficiency from
drinking
water using the 2D-GO based nanoplatform, PEI-attached 2D-GO (GO-PEI)
based nanoplatform, and PEI-attached 2D F-GO (FGO-PEI) based nanoplatform.
For this experiment, we used 1000 ng/L of PFBA infected drinking water.
(B) Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) removal efficiency from drinking
water using the 2D-GO based nanoplatform, GO-PEI based nanoplatform,
and FGO-PEI based nanoplatform. For this experiment, we used 1000
ng/L of PFBS infected drinking water. (C) Perfluorohexanesulfonate
(PFHxS) removal efficiency from drinking water using the 2D-GO based
nanoplatform, GO-PEI based nanoplatform, and FGO-PEI based nanoplatform.
For this experiment, we used 1000 ng/L of PFHxS infected drinking
water. (D) Variation of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) removal efficiency
with time for the GO based nanoplatform, PEI-attached 2D-GO (GO-PEI)
based nanoplatform, and PEI-attached 2D F-GO (FGO-PEI) based nanoplatform.
(E) Plots show the time-dependent removal efficiency for PFBS and
PFHxS using the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform. For this experiment, we
used 1000 ng/L of PFBS or PFHxS infected water samples. (F) Plot shows
the variation of (t/qt) with time for PFNA using the PEI-FGO and GO adsorber separately,
where qt is the quantity of PFNA removed
per gram of the FGO-PEI or GO nanoplatform. (G) Plot shows the variation
of 1/qe with 1/Ce for PFNA using the PEI-FGO and PEI-GO adsorber separately,
where qe is the quantity of PFNA adsorbed
at equilibrium and Ce is the concentration
of PFNA. (H) Plot shows how the PFNA removal efficiency varies with
pH when the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform was used. (I) PFNA removal
efficiency from tap water, Mississippi river water, lake water, and
drinking water using the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform. For this experiment,
we used 1000 ng/L of PFBA infected water samples. (J) PFBS removal
efficiency from tap water, Mississippi river water, lake water, and
drinking water using the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform. For this experiment,
we used 1000 ng/L of PFBS infected water samples. (K) Removal efficiency
of PFBS, PFBA, PFHxS, and PFNA simultaneously from tap water, Mississippi
river water, lake water, and drinking water using the FGO-PEI based
nanoplatform. For this experiment, we used 250 ng/L of PFBS, 250 ng/L
ng/L of PFBA, 250 ng/L of PFHxS, and 250 ng/L of PFNA infected water
samples. (L) Plot shows how the removal efficiency for PFBS, PFBA,
PFHxS, and PFNA together varies with the number of cycles of filtration
when we used the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform. For this experiment,
we used 250 ng/L of PFBS, 250 ng/L of PFBA, 250 ng/L of PFHxS, and
250 ng/L of PFNA infected water samples.