Table 3. Effect of Cyromazine and Its Mixtures with WO₃, MNP, and MNP-Cu on the Larval Length, and Body Weight of 4^th Instars of S. littoralis^a.

treatment	nanomaterials conc. (mg/L)	cyromazine conc. (mg/L)	larval length (cm) ± SE	larval body weight (mg) ± SE
control			1.86a ± 0.012	145.03a ± 1.66
cyromazine		25	0.95b ± 0.018	68.60b ± 1.70
		50	0.93bc ± 0.015	67.43bc ± 2.08
		100	0.92bcd ± 0.020	66.17bcd ± 1.96
cyromazine + WO3	100	25	0.90bcde ± 0.026	65.13bcde ± 1.91
		50	0.89cdef ± 0.023	64.40bcde ± 2.12
		100	0.87defg ± 0.020	63.27cdef ± 1.31
	500	25	0.85efgh ± 0.017	62.76def ± 0.88
		50	0.84fgh ± 0.018	61.10efg ± 1.28
		100	0.82ghi ± 0.015	59.36fgh ± 1.04
cyromazine + MNP	100	25	0.81hij ± 0.017	58.20ghi ± 1.27
		50	0.80hijk ± 0.026	56.63hij ± 1.52
		100	0.78ijkl ± 0.015	55.30hij ± 1.70
	500	25	0.76jklm ± 0.017	54.26ijk ± 1.09
		50	0.75klm ± 0.022	53.47jkl ± 1.44
		100	0.73lmn ± 0.015	52.70jklm ± 1.15
cyromazine + MNP-Cu	100	25	0.72mno ± 0.018	50.83klmn ± 0.75
		50	0.71mno ± 0.023	49.36lmno ± 1.85
		100	0.69nop ± 0.017	48.50mno ± 1.76
	500	25	0.67op ± 0.021	46.97no ± 1.82
		50	0.65p ± 0.017	46.23° ± 1.74
		100	0.64p ± 0.018	45.62° ± 1.40

^aWO₃, tungsten oxide nanoparticles; MNP, iron oxide nanoparticles; and MNP-Cu, Cu-doped iron oxide nanoparticles. Means followed by different lowercase letters within the same column denote significant differences at P < 0.05. SE means standard error.