Table 1. Functional response of N. californicus adult females to the different life stages of T. urticae at different temperatures.
Temperature | Stage | a (Attack rate) | Th (Handling time) | a/Th | T/Th ( K) | Na (Functional response equation) | R2 (Correlation coefficient) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
24 °C | Adult | 0.357 | 0.037 | 9.581 | 26.81 | 0.357N/(1 + 0.013N) | 0.861 |
Nymph | 0.609 | 0.013 | 46.82 | 76.92 | 0.609N/(1 + 0.008N) | 0.936 | |
Larvae | 0.537 | 0.021 | 25.09 | 46.02 | 0.537N/(1 + 0.011N) | 0.946 | |
Egg | 0.626 | 0.005 | 127.7 | 204.1 | 0.626N/(1 + 0.003N) | 0.934 | |
27 °C | Adult | 0.412 | 0.020 | 20.59 | 50.00 | 0.412N/(1 + 0.008N) | 0.928 |
Nymph | 0.749 | 0.014 | 52.06 | 69.44 | 0.749N/(1 + 0.011N) | 0.953 | |
Larvae | 0.772 | 0.012 | 66.00 | 85.47 | 0.772N/(1 + 0.009N) | 0.974 | |
Egg | 0.606 | 0.003 | 195.6 | 322.6 | 0.606N/(1 + 0.002N) | 0.959 | |
30 °C | Adult | 0.539 | 0.016 | 34.09 | 63.29 | 0.539N/(1 + 0.009N) | 0.971 |
Nymph | 0.653 | 0.009 | 72.59 | 111.1 | 0.653N/(1 + 0.005N) | 0.985 | |
Larvae | 0.614 | 0.011 | 55.32 | 90.09 | 0.614N/(1 + 0.007N) | 0.988 | |
Egg | 0.673 | 0.002 | 320.7 | 476.2 | 0.673N/(1 + 0.001N) | 0.968 | |
33 °C | Adult | 0.541 | 0.005 | 112.9 | 208.3 | 0.541N/(1 + 0.003N) | 0.989 |
Nymph | 0.666 | 0.004 | 185.0 | 277.7 | 0.666N/(1 + 0.002N) | 0.992 | |
Larvae | 0.734 | 0.004 | 183.5 | 257.0 | 0.734N/(1 + 0.003N) | 0.996 | |
Egg | 0.624 | 0.012 | 46.96 | 80.00 | 0.624N/(1 + 0.008N) | 0.994 | |
36 °C | Adult | 0.560 | 0.003 | 186.7 | 333.3 | 0.560N/(1 + 0.002N) | 0.955 |
Nymph | 0.614 | 0.012 | 50.78 | 82.64 | 0.614N/(1 + 0.007N) | 0.986 | |
Larvae | 0.705 | 0.001 | 587.7 | 833.3 | 0.705N/(1 + 0.001N) | 0.954 | |
Egg | 0.588 | 0.012 | 47.01 | 80.00 | 0.588N/(1 + 0.007N) | 0.985 |
Note:
Na, number of prey consumed; N, initial prey density; Th, handling time (day); a, attack rate; K, maximum predation rate; R2, coefficient of determination.