Table 2. Daily consumption of N. californicus on different pest densities of T. urticae under five temperatures.

Stages	Treatments	Density of T. urticae
		4	5	8	10	12	15	16	20	24	25	30	32	40
Adult	24 °C	1.40 ± 0.24b	1.40 ± 0.24b	4.00 ± 0.71ab	3.80 ± 0.86ab	5.20 ± 1.28ab	3.40 ± 1.03ab	3.20 ± 1.32ab	5.40 ± 1.36ab	6.60 ± 1.60a	6.80 ± 2.39a	–	–	–
	27 °C	1.60 ± 0.40d	2.40 ± 0.51d	3.80 ± 1.07bcd	3.20 ± 0.86cd	8.20 ± 0.86ab	11.00 ± 0.71a	9.00 ± 1.52a	7.20 ± 2.46abc	10.60 ± 2.75a	8.40 ± 1.56a	–	–	–
	30 °C	2.00 ± 0.45d	2.80 ± 0.37cd	4.00 ± 0.71cd	5.40 ± 1.03cd	5.60 ± 1.07cd	5.40 ± 1.72cd	7.40 ± 1.63bc	12.80 ± 1.43a	11.00 ± 2.68ab	11.20 ± 2.51ab	–	–	–
	33 °C	2.20 ± 0.58f	2.60 ± 0.51ef	5.00 ± 0.71def	6.20 ± 0.86cde	6.20 ± 0.86cde	8.80 ± 1.28bcd	9.00 ± 1.30bc	10.40 ± 1.21ab	12.60 ± 2.06ab	14.00 ± 1.92a	–	–	–
	36 °C	2.40 ± 0.51e	2.40 ± 0.51e	4.80 ± 0.86de	6.00 ± 1.14cde	8.00 ± 1.00bcd	10.40 ± 0.92b	8.40 ± 2.06bcd	9.00 ± 1.22bc	10.80 ± 1.35b	4.40 ± 1.63a	–	–	–
Nymph	24 °C	–	–	4.40 ± 0.51d	5.80 ± 1.07d	–	9.00 ± 1.41cd	9.80 ± 1.28bcd	9.20 ± 1.85bcd	15.80 ± 1.74ab	9.40 ± 2.46bcd	14.60 ± 3.32abc	14.80 ± 2.59abc	20.60 ± 2.80a
	27 °C	–	–	6.00 ± 0.71e	6.20 ± 0.86e	–	9.00 ± 1.52de	9.40 ± 1.43de	14.40 ± 1.43bcd	14.60 ± 2.42bcd	13.60 ± 2.20cd	15.60 ± 3.00bc	19.60 ± 2.01b	25.40 ± 1.77a
	30 °C	–	–	5.40 ± 0.51e	6.40 ± 0.93de	–	9.00 ± 1.00cde	11.20 ± 1.35cd	12.00 ± 1.61c	18.00 ± 1.30b	17.80 ± 1.39b	18.20 ± 2.42b	23.40 ± 2.42a	26.60 ± 1.96a
	33 °C	–	–	5.40 ± 0.51g	7.00 ± 0.71g	–	9.60 ± 1.08ef	11.00 ± 1.00de	14.60 ± 1.08cd	18.80 ± 1.07b	17.00 ± 1.41bc	22.80 ± 1.07a	24.40 ± 1.70a	25.20 ± 2.27a
	36 °C	–	–	5.00 ± 0.71f	6.80 ± 0.86f	–	11.00 ± 0.71e	12.80 ± 0.86de	15.20 ± 1.07cd	17.80 ± 1.15c	16.20 ± 1.88cd	22.80 ± 1.24b	25.40 ± 0.93b	30.60 ± 1.78a
Larva	24 °C	–	–	4.20 ± 1.02f	7.00 ± 1.30ef	–	10.60 ± 1.69de	13.20 ± 1.07cd	15.00 ± 1.30cd	17.00 ± 1.58bc	18.00 ± 1.58bc	21.40 ± 2.50b	21.60 ± 2.44b	30.40 ± 1.63a
	27 °C	–	–	5.80 ± 0.66f	7.60 ± 0.75ef	–	9.20 ± 1.49def	9.80 ± 1.35cdef	12.40 ± 1.86cde	14.80 ± 2.13bcd	15.80 ± 2.44bc	19.80 ± 1.77ab	23.00 ± 2.70a	23.80 ± 3.33a
	30 °C	–	–	5.60 ± 0.51f	6.40 ± 1.29f	–	9.60 ± 1.63ef	12.20 ± 1.24de	13.60 ± 1.29cde	15.80 ± 1.28cd	17.40 ± 1.03c	22.00 ± 1.52b	24.00 ± 1.30b	28.40 ± 1.86a
	33 °C	–	–	6.00 ± 0.70g	7.40 ± 1.08g	–	11.80 ± 0.86f	13.40 ± 1.21ef	15.40 ± 1.21de	18.00 ± 1.00cd	19.40 ± 1.50c	24.20 ± 1.24b	25.40 ± 1.40b	33.00 ± 1.41a
	36 °C	–	–	6.00 ± 0.71d	6.0 ± 1.00d	–	11.20 ± 1.07cd	12.00 ± 1.00c	14.00 ± 1.41bc	19.00 ± 1.00ab	15.80 ± 1.85bc	21.40 ± 2.50a	21.80 ± 2.73ab	23.60 ± 2.80a
Egg	24 °C	–	–	5.00 ± 0.94d	5.40 ± 1.29d	–	11.60 ± 1.36bcd	11.00 ± 0.71bcd	8.60 ± 2.01cd	13.00 ± 3.14bc	13.00 ± 2.91bc	18.20 ± 2.88b	14.80 ± 3.33bc	28.00 ± 2.34a
	27 °C	–	–	5.00 ± 0.71d	5.60 ± 0.51d	–	10.20 ± 0.86cd	12.40 ± 0.93c	13.60 ± 1.50c	13.40 ± 2.93c	14.40 ± 1.29c	21.00 ± 2.51b	16.40 ± 3.20bc	28.80 ± 2.54a
	30 °C	–	–	5.80 ± 0.86d	6.20 ± 0.86d	–	10.20 ± 0.86cd	11.60 ± 1.21c	12.00 ± 2.17c	19.60 ± 1.03b	18.80 ± 1.49b	18.00 ± 2.21b	25.60 ± 1.75a	30.20 ± 2.58a
	33 °C	–	–	5.20 ± 0.86f	6.80 ± 1.39f	–	11.40 ± 0.93e	11.60 ± 1.17e	16.20 ± 1.24d	17.60 ± 1.72d	19.60 ± 1.21cd	23.20 ± 1.28bc	27.00 ± 1.58ab	29.80 ± 2.08a
	36 °C	–	–	4.80 ± 0.86d	6.40 ± 0.93d	–	11.20 ± 0.86c	11.80 ± 1.07c	13.80 ± 1.43c	14.80 ± 1.71c	19.60 ± 0.93b	20.60 ± 2.16b	23.60 ± 1.78b	29.60 ± 2.32a

Note:

Data in the table are mean ± SE. Data in the same group followed by different letters indicate significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 Level (Duncan’s new multiple range test).