Table 4. Female and male NHANES body composition measures using a large dataset (N = 187) as if 2% of the sample were misgendered.
Expected results compared to sex disparities in a large dataset were conducted using χ2.
| Sample Size | BMI (kg•m2) | Subscapular Skinfold (mm) | Triceps Skinfold (mm) | Waist Girth (cm) | Body Mass (kg) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 62 | 27.0 (4.6) | 20.4 (6.9) | 23.5 (7.3) | 92.2 (11.5) | 72.1 (13.6) |
| Male | 125 | 26.4 (3.9) | 18.7 (7.0) | 13.6 (6.0) | 95.2 (11.9) | 80.6 (13.5) |
| p-value | 0.19 | 0.052 | < 0.001 | 0.052 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.145 (small) | 0.254 (small) | 1.544 (large) | 0.521 (medium) | 0.629 (medium) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 13.52, p = <0.001, φ = 1.16 (large) | |||||
| 18–29 Year | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 24.7 (4.4) | 18.5 (7.9) | 20.1 (8.6) | 85.3 (11.1) | 64.7 (12.7) |
| Male | 125 | 25.0 (4.7) | 16.5 (7.9) | 13.8 (7.4) | 87.9 (13.1) | 78.9 (16.8) |
| p-value | 0.334 | 0.053 | < 0.001 | 0.078 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.065 (small) | 0.254 (small) | 0.856 (large) | 0.209 (small) | 0.909 (large) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 0.56, p = 0.455, φ = 0.236 (small) | |||||
| 30–39 Year | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 25.6 (4.3) | 20.5 (7.5) | 23.6 (7.4) | 87.9 (9.9) | 68.3 (12.2) |
| Male | 125 | 26.5 (4.1) | 18.5 (6.6) | 13.7 (5.4) | 93.8 (10.9) | 81.8 (13.5) |
| p-value | 0.084 | 0.04 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.219 (small) | 0.288(small) | 1.612 (large) | 0.559 (medium) | 1.031 (large) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 0.56, p = 0.455, φ = 0.236 (small) | |||||
| 40–49 Year | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 26.7 (4.6) | 20.7 (7.7) | 23.8 (8.2) | 89.8 (10.7) | 70.0 (13.0) |
| Male | 125 | 27.2 (3.9) | 20.0 (6.8) | 13.6 (52) | 97.3 (10.5) | 84.6 (13.9) |
| p-value | 0.234 | 0.278 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.120 (small) | 0.096 (small) | 1.600 (large) | 0.713 (medium) | 1.070 (large) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 0.52, p = 0.473, φ = 0.227 (small) | |||||
| 50–59 Year | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 26.4 (4.7) | 21.3 (7.6) | 23.7 (7.5) | 91.2 (12.6) | 70.0 (13.6) |
| Male | 125 | 27.4 (3.9) | 21.2 (6.8) | 13.8 (5.8) | 101.0 (11.1) | 85.6 (14.2) |
| p-value | 0.066 | 0.466 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.250 (small) | 0.291 (small) | 1.553 (large) | 0.847 (large) | 1.115 (large) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 4.89, p = 0.027, φ = 0.700 (large) | |||||
| 60–69 Year | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 27.4 (4.4) | 20.7 (7.1) | 24.4 (6.9) | 94.7 (11.7) | 72.1 (13.5) |
| Male | 125 | 27.8 (4.5) | 20.8 (6.9) | 14.3 (5.9) | 102.0 (12.1) | 84.3 (15.8) |
| p-value | 0.281 | 0.449 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.090 (small) | 0.020 (small) | 1.606 (large) | 0.606 (medium) | 0.814 (large) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 0.56, p = 0.455, φ = 0.236 (small) | |||||
| 70+ Year | ||||||
| Female | 62 | 26.9 (4.6) | 17.9 (6.0) | 21.2 (7.7) | 95.1 (10.9) | 66.3 (13.0) |
| Male | 125 | 26.4 (3.9) | 18.5 (6.4) | 13.7 (4.5) | 100.6 (11.0) | 77.5 (14.5) |
| p-value | 0.213 | 0.294 | < 0.001 | 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
| Cohen’s d | 0.181 (small) | 0.083 (small) | 1.3001 (large) | 0.505 (medium) | 0.803 (large) | |
| χ2 Result | χ2 (1, N = 10) = 0.56, p = 0.455, φ = 0.236 (small) | |||||
Values are means (standard deviations). Cohen’s d interpreted as small = 0.00–0.49, medium = 0.50–0.79, and large ≥ 0.80 [23]. Effect size φ interpreted as trivial <0.1, small = 0.1–0.29, medium = 0.30–49, and large ≥ 0.5 [23]. Gray indicates a different decision or interpretation than initially made at baseline. NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; χ2: chi-squared; BMI: body mass index in kilograms(kg)•meter−2; mm: millimeters; cm: centimeters.