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. 2023 Sep 1;16(12):2626–2638. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfad214

Figure 5:

Figure 5:

Diagram depicting mediation analysis. Shown are odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. The orange solid arrows represent the association of eGFR with CA-AKI (mediator), and the association of CA-AKI with CV event. The light blue arrows represent the confounding association of UACR and CHF with CA-AKI and CV event. The blue dotted arrow from eGFR to CV event via CA-AKI represents the natural indirect effect of eGFR on CV event mediated via CA-AKI. The orange dashed arrow from eGFR to CV event represents the natural direct effect of the association of eGFR with CV events without controlling for CA-AKI. The green dotted arrow from eGFR to CV event shows the controlled direct effect of eGFR on CV outcomes after controlling for CA-AKI only. The black solid arrow represents the total effect of the association of eGFR with CV event after controlling for UACR, CHF, and CA-AKI. CA-AKI, contrast-associated acute kidney injury; CHF, congestive heart failure; CV, cardiovascular, eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; OR, odds ratio; UACR, urine albumin-creatinine ratio.