Table 2:
Mechanisms underlying sex differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs—adapted from [2].
| Pharmacokinetics | Absorption | Gastric enzymes |
| Gut motility | ||
| Microbiota | ||
| Transporting proteins | ||
| Distribution | Body composition | |
| Cardiac output | ||
| Organ blood flow | ||
| Liver metabolism | CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2 | |
| Elimination | Kidney clearance | |
| Liver function | ||
| Pulmonary expiration | ||
| Plasma proteins concentration | ||
| Pharmacodynamics | Sex-specific conditions | Contraception |
| Pregnancy | ||
| Menopause |
CYP3A4, CYP2D6, CYP2C19, CYP1A2: cytochrome P 450 isoenzymes named according to their coding chromosomes (activity in women CYP3A4 ↓, CYP2D6↑, CYP2C19↑, CYP1A2↑).