Table 3. Summary of Related Risks for Operative Treatment in Pediatric Proximal Humerus Fractures.

Related factor	No. of studies	Test of difference		Test of heterogeneity		Model
		OR/WMD (95% CI)	p-value	I2 (%)	p-value
Neer-Horwitz III and IV	5	OR, 10.00 (1.56−64.22)	0.020*	75	0.003	R
Age	3	WMD, 3.26 (2.29−4.23)	< 0.001*	0	0.430	F
Surgical technique (percutaneous pinning/intramedullary nailing)	2	OR, 5.09 (0.65−39.58)	0.120	86	0.007	R

OR: odds ratio, WMD: weighted mean difference, CI: confidence interval.

^*Statistically significant.