. 2023 Oct 16;15(6):1022–1028. doi: 10.4055/cios23077

Table 4. Summary of Operative Indications of Pediatric Proximal Humerus Fractures in Previous Reports.

Study	Year	Operative indication
Beaty⁵⁾	1992	Acceptable position
		(1) age < 5 yr, 70° angulation and total displacement
		(2) age 5–12 yr, 40°–70° angulation
		(3) age > 12 yr, 40° angulation and 50% apposition
Burgos-Flores et al.²¹⁾	1993	Age > 13 yr, marked displacement or angulation
Schwendenwein et al.⁴⁾	2001	(1) age < 12 yr, angulation greater than 60°
Schwendenwein et al.⁴⁾	2001	(2) age ≥ 12 yr, angulation greater than 30°
Dobbs et al.⁷⁾	2003	Among Neer-Horwitz grade III and IV fractures,
		(1) age ≤ 7 yr, angulation greater than 70°
		(2) age 8 to 11 yr, angulation greater than 60°
		(3) age ≥ 12 yr, angulation greater than 45°
Bahrs et al.¹⁷⁾	2009	(1) age < 10 yr, angular deformity > 60° or totally displaced
Bahrs et al.¹⁷⁾	2009	(2) age ≥ 10 yr, angular deformity > 30° or > 10° of valgus deformity or totally displaced
Shore et al.¹⁸⁾	2015	Age > 12 yr, Neer-Horwitz grade IV or angulation greater than 40°
Gladstein et al.¹⁹⁾	2016	Age > 12 yr, Neer-Horwitz grade IV or angulation greater than 40°
Binder et al.²²⁾	2016	Age > 11 yr, angulation greater than 20°