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. 2023 Nov 13;26(12):2104–2121. doi: 10.1038/s41593-023-01480-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a,b, Representative images of GFAP immunostaining of astrocytes in the hippocampus of 10-month-old PS19-E4, PS19-E3, PS19-E4-S/S and PS19-E4-R/S mice (a) and quantification of the number of GFAP⁺ cells per mm² (b) in the hippocampus of these mice and WT mice. c,d, Representative images of S100β immunostaining of astrocytes in the hippocampus of 10-month-old PS19-E4, PS19-E3, PS19-E4-S/S and PS19-E4-R/S mice (c) and quantification of the number of S100β⁺ cells per mm² (d) in the hippocampus of these mice and WT mice. e–h, Correlations between GFAP⁺ cells per mm² and hippocampal volume in PS19-E4 (n = 31) (e), PS19-E3 (n = 23) (f), PS19-E4-S/S (n = 20) (g) and PS19-E4-R/S (n = 23) (h) mice. i–l, Correlations between S100β⁺ cells per mm² and hippocampal volume in PS19-E4 (n = 31) (i), PS19-E3 (n = 23) (j), PS19-E4-S/S (n = 20) (k) and PS19-E4-R/S (n = 23) (l) mice. m,n, Representative images of Iba1 immunostaining of microglia in the hippocampus of 10-month-old PS19-E4, PS19-E3, PS19-E4-S/S and PS19-E4-R/S mice (m) and quantification of the number of Iba1⁺ cells per mm² (n) in the hippocampus of these mice and WT mice. o,p, Representative images of CD68 immunostaining of microglia in the hippocampus of 10-month-old PS19-E4, PS19-E3, PS19-E4-S/S and PS19-E4-R/S mice (o) and quantification of the number of CD68⁺ cells per mm² (p) in the hippocampus of these mice and WT mice. q–t, Correlations between Iba1⁺ cells per mm² and hippocampal volume in PS19-E4 (n = 31) (q), PS19-E3 (n = 23) (r), PS19-E4-S/S (n = 20) (s) and PS19-E4-R/S (n = 23) (t) mice. u–x, Correlations between CD68⁺ cells per mm² and hippocampal volume in PS19-E4 (n = 31) (u), PS19-E3 (n = 23) (v), PS19-E4-S/S (n = 20) (w) and PS19-E4-R/S (n = 23) (x) mice. For all quantifications in b,d,n,p, WT, n = 11; PS19-E4, n = 31; PS19-E3, n = 24; PS19-E4-S/S, n = 21; PS19-E4-R/S, n = 23. Scale bars, 500 µm in a,c,m,o. Throughout, data are expressed as mean ± s.e.m. In b,d,n,p, differences between groups were determined by Welch’s ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s T3 multiple comparison test. Comparisons of P ≤ 0.05 are labeled on the graph. Pearson’s correlation analysis (two-sided).

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