Table 4.

Regional brain health diplomacy exemplars, by country (alphabetical order).

Country	Project title	Description
Argentina, Multiple Countries	A Novel Deep Learning Algorithm for Classification of Dementia Subtypes Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/novel-deep-learning-algorithm-classification-dementia-subtypes	This initiative has developed a Deep Learning algorithm to classify Alzheimer's and Frontotemporal Dementia using raw brain images, ensuring its generalizability across regions, with plans for a future diagnostic app and a focus on international collaboration to address regional disparities.
Argentina	The Frontotemporal Education Initiative in Argentina for Psychiatrists Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/frontotemporal-education-initiative-argentina-psychiatrists	The project trains psychiatrists in Argentina on FTD via virtual and in-person methods, building a professional network for improved dementia care, establishing an FTD unit and disease registry, and promoting research and clinical trials, which all align with BHD's aim of fostering open knowledge and international collaboration.
Argentina, Columbia, Multiple Countries	International Network for Language Assessment across Neural Disorders Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/international-network-language-assessment-across-neural-disorders	The INCLUDE is a multicentric initiative to identify cross-linguistic markers of neurodegenerative disease. This project demonstrates BHD by fostering international cooperation that is based on enhancing diversity and providing more global views on languages and brain health.
Brazil	Palliative Care in Dementia Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/palliative-care-dementia	This project uses chart reviews and interviews to identify care needs, aiming to define optimal palliative care for dementia patients and aligning with BHD by addressing global health challenges locally with scientific interventions.
Brazil	EEG Markers of Apathy in Dementia Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/eeg-markers-apathy-dementia	This study utilizes a multidimensional assessment of apathy and develops an EEG protocol to evaluate emotional responses in people living with AD and bvFTD, combining insights from neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, and electrophysiology, reflecting BHD principles by innovatively addressing a local clinical gap in apathy.
Brazil	Cognitive Training to Promote Brain Health Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/cognitive-training-promote-brain-health	This project will develop and test feasibility of a program to implement individualized brain training for older adults living in Brazil. This project exemplifies the principles of BHD through increased international cooperation to support novel approaches to brain health promotion and dementia risk reduction.
Brazil, Multiple Countries	Basic Literacy, Memory, and Brain Connectivity Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/basic-literacy-memory-and-brain-connectivity	This project examines the impact of late-life basic literacy on memory and brain connections, noting that education, a significant social determinant of health, influences brain functions, especially in low- and middle-income countries facing rising dementia rates; BHD fosters international collaboration in this area.
Colombia	Situational Analysis of Dementia in Colombia Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/situational-analysis-dementia-colombia	This project will analyze existing data on dementia prevalence, mortality, risk factors, and economic costs, while also addressing social determinants within the Colombian context. By identifying key partners both within and outside the government, the project takes a top-down approach to understand the dementia field in Colombia, reflecting BHD principles in understanding and managing dementia in specific socio-epidemiological contexts.
Colombia	Substance Use in Early-Onset Alzheimer Disease Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/substance-use-early-onset-alzheimer-disease	This project examines individuals with the PS1 E280A mutation in Medellin, Colombia, who go through four AD stages. Given that preclinical cognitive decline occurs 12 years before clinical impairment, known as the “Change Point” (CP), this research seeks to understand how substance consumption might influence CP and the onset of these stages. Representing BHD, the study aims to provide global insights for AD prevention and treatment strategies.
Colombia	Family stigma and caregiver burden in early onset dementia Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/family-stigma-and-caregiver-burden-early-onset-dementia	This study in Antioquia, Colombia, investigates the interplay between stigma, socioeconomics, and familial caregiver outcomes for EOAD and FTD patients, aiming to inform tailored interventions and health policies in line with BHD principles.
Colombia	Cognitive, Clinical, and Genetic Characterization of Dementia in Colombia https://www.gbhi.org/projects/cognitive-clinical-and-genetic-characterization-dementia-colombia	Using digital cognitive tests and genetic risk assessment, this project seeks to enable early and accurate dementia diagnoses in Colombia, clearly representing BHD principles by aiming to reduce brain health inequities with findings that have global implications.
Costa Rica	ISM: An Intergenerational Montessori-Based Approach for Successful Aging Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/ism-intergenerational-montessori-based-approach-successful-aging	This feasibility study in Costa Rica, uses Montessori principles to train elders as mentors for preschoolers, exemplifying BHD by promoting intergenerational brain health insights globally.
Cuba, Multiple Countries	Communicating dementia risk in low- and middle-income countries Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/communicating-dementia-risk-low-and-middle-income-countries	Using data from the Cuban cohort of the 10/66 Dementia Research Group, this project aims to create a tool for clinicians to communicate dementia risks to patients, inform prevention strategies, and potentially adapt for broader use in LMICs, reflecting BHD's goal of global collaboration and knowledge exchange in dementia prevention.
Cuba	The Brain Health Assessment for diagnosis of MCI-Dementia in Primary Care Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/brain-health-assessment-diagnosis-mci-dementia-primary-care	Aiming to validate the Brain Health Assessment for the Cuban population, this project recruits participants at the community level to develop and validate a cost-effective digital cognitive assessment tool for MCI and Dementia, enhancing equitable dementia diagnosis and care in LMICs, exemplifying BHD's vision of globally adaptable solutions.
Ecuador	Dementia Diagnosis Training Project in Ecuador Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/dementia-diagnosis-training-project-ecuador	This project crafts a dementia training curriculum for Ecuadorian primary care physicians, aiming to enhance nationwide dementia diagnosis and care, in line with BHD's vision of boosting local healthcare through international collaboration.
Ecuador	Characterizing the Neurocognitive and Social Health in Ecuador Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/characterizing-neurocognitive-and-social-health-ecuador	This project seeks to refine the Ecuadorian National Survey of Well-being and Aging's cognitive assessment battery, emphasizing BHD's values through international collaboration and advocating for equitable brain health resources in diverse Ecuadorian communities.
Mexico	Frequency and Determinants of Vascular Cognitive Impairment in Post Stroke Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/frequency-and-determinants-vascular-cognitive-impairment-post-stroke	This study examines the risk factors and prevalence of post-stroke dementia and vascular cognitive impairment in Mexico City, advancing BHD principles through region-specific insights and global collaboration.
Mexico	Gut Microbiome Intervention for People Living and Aging with HIV Infection Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/gut-microbiome-restoration-elders-hiv-associated-cognitive-disorder	This in Mexico study participants to evaluate probiotics' effects on cognitive health in those aging with HIV, championing BHD's focus on global dementia prevention, health equity, and international collaboration.
Mexico	Evaluating a decision aid for families of patients with advanced dementia Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/evaluating-decision-aid-families-patients-advanced-dementia	This project evaluates an audiovisual decision-aid for surrogates of dementia patients in Mexico to enhance end-of-life decisions and communication, aligning with the focus of BHD on underserved communities.
Mexico	Characterizing Mistreatment in Mexican Cognitively Impaired Older Adults Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/characterizing-mistreatment-mexican-cognitively-impaired-older-adults	This study evaluates cognitive impairment and mistreatment in 198 Mexican caregiver-care recipient dyads, emphasizing BHD's commitment to brain health and the protection of vulnerable groups.
Nicaragua	Virtual Initiative for Training to Informal Caregivers and Families Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/virtual-initiative-training-informal-caregivers-and-families	This project crafts a culturally tailored virtual training program in Managua, Nicaragua, to improve care for people living with Alzheimer's and care partners, embodying the BHD focus on global collaboration and cultural sensitivity.
Peru	LimaFTD Network: Improving Diagnosis of FTD in Underserved Settings Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/limaftd-network-improving-diagnosis-ftd-underserved-settings	This project establishes the LimaFTD Network in Lima, Peru, to enhance frontotemporal dementia detection and consider sociocultural influences on diagnosis, emphasizing the commitment of BHD to international collaboration and cultural sensitivity in brain health.
Peru	A Novel Program to Promote Independence in Older Adults with Dementia Weblink: https://www.gbhi.org/projects/novel-program-promote-independence-older-adults-dementia	This Peruvian project introduces a personalized ambulatory program for neurocognitive impairment care, focusing on patient independence and care partner support, embodying BHD's principles of agile, evidence-based dementia care.