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. 2019 Oct 20;32(3):203–212. doi: 10.1093/intimm/dxz070

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© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society for Immunology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 1. — IL-1α is required for the optimal IL-1β production and protection against sub-lethal IAV infection. Sex- and age-matched mice were infected with 1 LD₅₀ of IAV via the intra-nasal route (A, B). Percentages of survived mice against IAV infection are shown for Il1r1- and Il1a-deficient mice (N: numbers of the analyzed mice) (C). IL-1β or (D) IL-1α concentrations of BALF from Il1r1^+/-, Il1r1^-/-, Il1a^+/- or Il1a^-/- mice on day 3 after IAV infection were measured by ELISA (N = 10–12 per group) (E and F). The lung tissues stained by H&E are shown for the Il1r1^+/-, Il1r1^-/-, Il1a^+/- or Il1a^-/- mice on day 3 after IAV infection. Statistical significances between each survival curve for the mice were determined by log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test (A and B). Error bars represent mean ± SD. ns, not significant; nd, not detected. ***P < 0.001.