Table 1.
Baseline clinical and histopathological characteristics
|
Endoscopic resection (ER) N = 339 |
ER + subsequent bowel resection N = 219 |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 73 ± 16 | 65 ± 15.5 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Male | 200 (59.0) | 116 (53.0) |
| Female | 139 (41.0) | 103 (47.0) |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 25 ± 5.3 | 26 ± 5.2 |
| Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) | ||
| 0 | 224 (66.1) | 165 (75.3) |
| 1–2 | 93 (27.4) | 39 (17.8) |
| ≥3 | 22 (6.5) | 15 (6.8) |
| Location, n (%) | ||
| Colon | 228 (67.2) | 167 (76.3) |
| Rectum | 111 (32.7) | 52 (23.7) |
| Polyp shape, n (%) | ||
| Pedunculated | 238 (70.2) | 127 (58.0) |
| Sessile | 67 (19.8) | 74 (33.8) |
| Missing | 34 (10.0) | 18 (8.2) |
| Polyp size, mm, median (IQR) | 17 ± 13.0 | 18 ± 11.0 |
| Polypectomy technique, n (%) | ||
| En bloc resection | 273 (80.5) | 159 (72.6) |
| Piecemeal resection | 66 (19.5) | 60 (27.4) |
| Tumour grade, n (%) | ||
| Low grade | 304 (89.7) | 181 (82.6) |
| High grade | 25 (7.4) | 23 (10.5) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 10 (2.9) | 15 (6.8) |
| Type of carcinoma, n (%) | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 330 (97.3) | 201 (91.8) |
| Mucinous adenocarcinoma | 9 (2.7) | 18 (8.2) |
| Resection margin, n (%) | ||
| Negative (> 1 mm) | 156 (46.0) | 55 (25.1) |
| Positive (≤ 1 mm) | 130 (38.3) | 121 (55.3) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 53 (15.6) | 44 (20.1) |
| Resection margin, n (%) | ||
| 0 mm | 44 (13.0) | 61 (27.9) |
| >0 mm | 242 (71.4) | 114 (52.1) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 53 (15.6) | 44 (20.1) |
| Mucinous component, n (%) | ||
| Absent | 317 (93.5) | 201 (91.8) |
| Present | 19 (5.6) | 12 (5.5) |
| Missing | <5 | 6 (2.7) |
| Haggitt classification, n (%) | ||
| Level 1–2 | 74 (21.8) | 23 (10.5) |
| Level 3–4 | 127 (37.5) | 66 (30.1) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 73 (21.5) | 58 (26.5) |
| Kikuchi classification, n (%) | ||
| Sm1–Sm2 | 25 (7.4) | 9 (4.1) |
| Sm3 | 26 (7.7) | 44 (20.1) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 14 (4.1) | 16 (7.3) |
| High risk (Haggitt level 3–4 or Kikuchi Sm3) | ||
| No | 100 (29.5) | 33 (15.1) |
| Yes | 154 (45.4) | 110 (50.2) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 85 (25.1) | 76 (34.7) |
| Intramural venous invasion, n (%) | ||
| Absent | 266 (78.5) | 149 (68.0) |
| Present | 56 (16.5) | 43 (19.6) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 17 (5.0) | 27 (12.4) |
| Lymphatic invasion, n (%) | ||
| Absent | 240 (70.8) | 123 (56.2) |
| Present | 84 (24.8) | 75 (34.2) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 15 (4.4) | 21 (9.6) |
| Perineural invasion, n (%) | ||
| Absent | 318 (93.8) | 194 (88.6) |
| Present | <6 | <6 |
| Cannot be evaluated | 16 (4.7) | 24 (11.0) |
| Tumour budding, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 232 (68.4) | 138 (63.0) |
| No | 40 (11.8) | 13 (6.0) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 67 (19.8) | 68 (31.0) |
| Budding level, n (%) | ||
| Bd1 | 179 (52.8) | 89 (40.6) |
| Bd2–3 | 53 (15.6) | 41 (18.7) |
| Cannot be evaluated | 108 (31.9) | 89 (40.6) |
| pMLH1, n (%) | ||
| No expression | <6 | <6 |
| Normal expression | 326 (96.2) | 207 (94.5) |
| Heterogeneous expression | 8 (2.3) | <6 |
| Cannot be evaluated | <6 | <6 |
| pMSH2, n (%) | ||
| No expression | <6 | <6 |
| Normal expression | 326 (96.2) | 209 (95.4) |
| Heterogeneous expression | 8 (2.3) | <6 |
| Cannot be evaluated | <6 | <6 |
| pMSH6, n (%) | ||
| No expression | <6 | <6 |
| Normal expression | 327 (96.5) | 209 (95.4) |
| Heterogeneous expression | 8 (2.3) | <6 |
| Cannot be evaluated | <6 | <6 |
| pPMS2, n (%) | ||
| No expression | <6 | <6 |
| Normal expression | 326 (96.2) | 207 (94.5) |
| Heterogeneous expression | 8 (2.3) | <6 |
| Cannot be evaluate | <6 | <6 |
| Endoscopic complication, n (%) | ||
| Yes | 11 (3.2) | <6 |
| Bleeding | 10 | <6 |
| Reoperation | <6 | <6 |
| No | 328 (96.8) | 213 (97.3) |
| Surgical approach, n (%) | ||
| Open | – | 95 (43.4) |
| Laparoscopic | – | 124 (56.6) |
| Conversion to open surgery | 18 (14.5) | |
| Surgical complication, n (%) | ||
| Intraoperative complications | – | 8 (3.7) |
| Postoperative surgical complications | – | |
| Yes | – | 41 (18.7) |
| No | – | 178 (81.3) |
| Postoperative medical complications | – | |
| Yes | – | 16 (7.3) |
| No | – | 203 (92.7) |
| Postoperative complications according to CD classification, n (%) | ||
| CD grade I | <6 | |
| CD grade II | 10 (17.59) | |
| CD grade IIIa | <6 | |
| CD grade IIIb | 19 (33.3) | |
| CD grade IV | 8 (14.0) | |
| CD grade V | 9 (15.8) |
BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anaesthesiology, CD Clavien–Dindo classification