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. 2023 Jul 8;16(4):959–971. doi: 10.1007/s40653-023-00564-8

Table 2.

Frequencies and Chi-Square Results for Physically Violent Practices Across the Three Contexts

Type of violent practices Cameroon Switzerland Togo
n % n % n %
Moderate physically violent practices subscale 186 92.54 76 51.70 182 91.46
Shook child 142 70.65 31 21.10 129 64.82
Hit on buttocks w/ object 144 71.64 2 1.36 96 48.24
Hit elsewhere w/ object 85 42.29 0 0 114 57.29
Twisted ear 121 60.20 20 13.61 70 35.18
Hit on the head w/ fist or the back of the hand 66 32.84 5 3.40 61 30.65
Pulled hair 25 12.44 18 12.25 17 8.54
Chili pepper mouth 8 3.98 5 3.40 7 3.52
Painful kneel/stand 82 40.80 2 1.36 67 33.67
Spanked 140 69.65 48 32.65 97 48.74
Pinched 83 41.29 11 7.48 98 49.25
Slapped 66 32.29 25 17.01 32 16.08
Severe physically violent practices subscale 81 40.30 10 6.80 50 25.13
Kicked 61 30.35 4 2.72 18 9.05
Choked 10 4.98 5 3.40 7 3.52
Smothered 6 2.99 6 4.08 4 2.01
Burned 3 1.49 6 4.08 5 2.51
Beaten 35 17.41 6 4.08 39 19.60
Threaten w/ knife or gun 5 2.49 6 4.08 5 2.51

The global scores are in bold