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. 2023 Nov 30;14:7903. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43636-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Representative immunoblots of dynorphin expression in the PL. b Quantification of dynorphin A (n = 9–10, t₍₁₇₎ = 2.655, P = 0.0167. Student’s t test). c Representative immunoblots of KOR expression in the PL. d Quantification of KOR (n = 6, t₍₁₀₎ = 0.6318, P = 0.5417. Student’s t test). e, l Schematic of CLA injection of AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-DIO-Oprk1-P2A-mCherry and AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-ChR2-EYFP and PL injection of AAV2/R-CaMKIIα-Cre-WPRE-hGH in WT mice (e) or CLA injection of AAV2/9-hSyn-fDIO-CRE-mCherry-WPRE-hGH and AAV2/9-CaMKIIα-ArchT-EGFP and PL injection of AAV2/R-CaMKIIα-FLP-WPRE-hGH in Oprk1^lox/lox mice (l). f, m In situ hybridization of KOR (white), vGlut1 (green), mCherry (red) and DAPI (blue) in the CLA. g, n Quantification of KOR colocalization with vGlut1 and mCherry (g n = 3, t₍₄₎ = 4.288, P = 0.0128; n n = 3, t₍₄₎ = 4.573, P = 0.010. Student’s t test). h–k KOR over-expression in CLA^Glu-PL circuit blocked photo-activation of the CLA^Glu-PL pathway induced increase of social interaction ratio (h n = 9–13, F_(1,40) = 7.733, P = 0.0082. Two-way ANOVA), increase of sucrose consumption in the SPT (i n = 10–12, F_(1,40) = 8.265, P = 0.0064. Two-way ANOVA) and decrease of immobility time in the TST (j n = 11–14, F_(1,46) = 5.662, P = 0.0215. Two-way ANOVA) without affecting locomotor activity (k n = 13–14, t₍₂₅₎ = 1.837, P = 0.0781. Student’s t test). o–r knockdown of KOR in CLA^Glu-PL circuit reversed photo-inhibition of CLA^Glu-PL induced decrease of social interaction ratio (o n = 17–18, F_(1,66) = 0.2481, P = 0.6201. Two-way ANOVA), decrease of sucrose consumption in the SPT (p n = 15–16, F_(1,59) = 5.132, P = 0.0272. Two-way ANOVA) and increase of immobility time in the TST (q n = 17–19, F_(1,68) = 5.837, P = 0.0184. Two-way ANOVA) without affecting locomotor activity (r n = 15–17, t₍₃₀₎ = 0.06621, P = 0.9477. Student’s t test). All data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. ^*P < 0.05, ^**P < 0.01, ^***P < 0.001. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.