Table 2.
Effects of beta/gamma power in predicting motor performance during reaching movement revealed by generalized linear mixed effect modelling
| Predicting reaction time | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: RT ∼ 1 + k1condID × k2βw1 + 1|HemID | |||||||||
| AIC | k 1 | p 1 | k 2 | p 2 | k inter | p inter | – | – | R 2 |
| 1438.9 | 0.0349 ± 0.1337 | 0.7943 | 0.0097 ± 0.0087 | 0.2616 | −0.0049 ± 0.0048 | 0.3128 | – | – | 0.2456 |
| Model 2: RT ∼ 1 + k1condID × k2βw2 + 1|HemID | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIC | k 1 | p 1 | k 2 | p 2 | k inter | p inter | – | – | R 2 |
| 1434.7 | −0.0238 ± 0.1385 | 0.8637 | −0.0054 ± 0.0099 | 0.5877 | −0.0035 ± 0.0054 | 0.5166 | – | – | 0.2462 |
| Model 3: RT ∼ 1 + k1condID × k2βerd + 1|HemID | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIC | k 1 | p 1 | k 2 | p 2 | k inter | p inter | – | – | R 2 |
| 1432.9 | −0.0742 ± 0.0363 | 0.0409 | 0.0301 ± 0.0150 | 0.0453 | −0.0118 ± 0.0085 | 0.1636 | – | – | 0.2478 |
| Compare (Model 1, Model 3) | Compare (Model 2, Model 3) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LRStat | deltaDF | P | LRStat | deltaDF | P |
| 6.0748 | 0 | <0.001 | 1.8418 | 0 | 0 < 0.001 |
| Predicting MV | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 4: MV ∼ 1 + k1condID + k2rrID + k3βmov + 1|HemID | |||||||||
| AIC | k 1 | p 1 | k 2 | p 2 | k3 | p 3 | – | – | R 2 |
| −6481.9 | 0.0112 ± 0.0039 | 0.0041 | −0.0710 ± 0.0034 | <0.001 | −0.0006 ± 0.0006 | 0.3147 | – | – | 0.6746 |
| Model 5: MV ∼ 1 + k1condID + k2rrID + k3γmov + 1|HemID | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIC | k 1 | p 1 | k 2 | p 2 | k3 | p 3 | – | – | R 2 |
| −6490.6 | 0.0139 ± 0.0039 | 0.0004 | −0.0714 ± 0.0034 | <0.001 | 0.0018 ± 0.0006 | 0.0019 | – | – | 0.6752 |
| Model 6: MV ∼ 1 + k1condID + k2rrID + k3βmov + k4γmov + 1|HemID | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIC | k 1 | p 1 | k 2 | p 2 | k3 | p 3 | k4 | p4 | R 2 |
| −6513.3 | 0.0142 ± 0.0039 | 0.0003 | −0.0689 ± 0.0034 | <0.001 | −0.0042 ± 0.0008 | 6.7338 × 10−7 | 0.0049 ± 0.0009 | 7.7075 × 10−9 | 0.6773 |
| Compare (Model 4, Model 6) | Compare (Model 5, Model 6) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LRStat | deltaDF | P | LRStat | deltaDF | P | ||
| 33.35 | 1 | 7.6987 × 10−9 | 24.685 | 1 | 6.7514 × 10−7 | ||
βw1 = average beta power during 1 to 0.5 s before movement initiation (W1 in Fig. 6A); βw2 = average beta power during 0.2 s around movement initiation (W2 in Fig. 6A); βerd = βw1− βw2; βmov = average beta power during movement (from reach/return movement onset to target reached); γmov = average gamma power during movement. Models 1–3 considered reach movements only, since reaction time and βerd were quantified only for reach movements. Models 4–6 considered all reach and return movements. AIC = Akaike information criterion; condID = stimulation condition index; deltaDF = difference in degrees of freedom between two models; HemID = hemisphere index; inter = interaction; LRStat = likelihood ratio test statistic for comparing two models; MV = mean velocity; rrID = reach or return index; RT = reaction time.