Figure 7.

Best-fitting SEM models for (a) dog treat toy (n = 10); (b) flap lid (n = 11); and (c) slide lid (n = 12) puzzles. SEMs show links between personality traits, other individual traits (body weight or age), generic experience (flap lid and slide lid puzzles only), mechanistic behaviors (work time, functional behavior time, behavioral diversity, or behavioral flexibility), and problem-solving performance (time to solve) of first successful trials. Wide solid lines indicate path significance (P < 0.05), wide hatched lines indicate the path is close to significant (and therefore worthy of note), and thin hatched lines show all other paths tested in the model. For significant paths and paths of note, standardized coefficients and P values are shown.