Table 1.
SNPs associated with plasma ghrelin in GWAS analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts and in both cohorts combined.
| Discovery cohort (N = 6,259) | Replication cohort (N = 4,483) | Combined cohorts (N = 10,742) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SNP | Chr:position | EA | OA | EAF | Beta* | SE | P value | Beta* | SE | P value | Beta* | SE | P value |
| rs34911341a | 3:10331519 | T | C | 0.005 | 1.35 | 0.07 | 3.07E-76 | 1.56 | 0.09 | 2.83E-68 | 1.434 | 0.056 | 1.03E-142 |
| rs143729751 | 3:10330266 | T | G | 0.005 | 1.24 | 0.07 | 9.33E-68 | 1.47 | 0.09 | 2.73E-60 | 1.328 | 0.056 | 5.04E-126 |
| rs150429746 | 3:10483812 | T | C | 0.000 | 1.09 | 0.08 | 8.84E-38 | NA | NA | NA | 1.086 | 0.085 | 1.23E-37 |
| rs4684677b | 3:10328453 | A | T | 0.066 | −0.32 | 0.03 | 2.02E-23 | −0.30 | 0.04 | 2.56E-14 | −0.316 | 0.025 | 6.41E-36 |
| rs56284847b | 3:10512641 | T | C | 0.051 | 0.46 | 0.05 | 2.60E-17 | 0.60 | 0.07 | 4.69E-18 | 0.517 | 0.043 | 3.93E-33 |
| rs4684676 | 3:10323108 | A | G | 0.121 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 2.53E-16 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 1.06E-10 | −0.186 | 0.018 | 2.10E-25 |
| rs2287544 | 3:10316762 | T | C | 0.121 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 3.14E-16 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 2.32E-10 | −0.184 | 0.018 | 6.77E-25 |
| rs3774203 | 3:10317489 | A | G | 0.121 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 3.14E-16 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 2.06E-10 | −0.184 | 0.018 | 6.77E-25 |
| rs17032621 | 3:10325638 | G | A | 0.121 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 4.12E-16 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 7.85E-11 | −0.186 | 0.018 | 2.10E-25 |
| rs715827 | 3:10311773 | G | A | 0.121 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 4.66E-16 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 2.34E-10 | −0.183 | 0.018 | 1.21E-24 |
| rs55821288 | 3:10330822 | T | C | 0.111 | −0.19 | 0.02 | 6.10E-16 | −0.18 | 0.03 | 8.75E-10 | −0.185 | 0.018 | 7.34E-24 |
| rs34892 | 3:10525646 | A | G | 0.939 | −0.34 | 0.04 | 2.73E-15 | −0.35 | 0.06 | 3.34E-10 | −0.345 | 0.034 | 5.97E-24 |
| rs34884 | 3:10523188 | C | T | 0.924 | −0.33 | 0.04 | 2.30E-14 | −0.35 | 0.05 | 3.72E-11 | −0.336 | 0.033 | 4.00E-24 |
| rs73026596 | 3:10271502 | C | A | 0.116 | −0.20 | 0.03 | 1.01E-11 | −0.18 | 0.04 | 1.10E-06 | −0.193 | 0.022 | 1.40E-18 |
| rs11707451 | 3:10308772 | G | T | 0.051 | −0.25 | 0.04 | 2.70E-10 | −0.26 | 0.05 | 1.93E-08 | −0.257 | 0.030 | 2.55E-17 |
| rs173359b | 3:10317277 | A | G | 0.530 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 6.53E-10 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 1.03E-08 | −0.112 | 0.013 | 3.10E-17 |
| rs4462945 | 3:10271265 | T | C | 0.116 | −0.20 | 0.03 | 1.11E-11 | −0.18 | 0.04 | 1.12E-06 | −0.193 | 0.023 | 4.24E-17 |
| rs35682 | 3:10328782 | A | G | 0.545 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 7.98E-10 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 5.19E-08 | −0.109 | 0.013 | 5.39E-17 |
| rs168529 | 3:10314153 | G | A | 0.530 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 3.67E-10 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 4.11E-08 | −0.111 | 0.013 | 5.88E-17 |
| rs35680 | 3:10330564 | T | C | 0.545 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 1.21E-10 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 2.28E-07 | −0.110 | 0.013 | 1.11E-16 |
| rs35683 | 3:10328250 | C | A | 0.556 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 7.64E-10 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 2.58E-08 | −0.110 | 0.013 | 1.11E-16 |
| rs1063429 | 3:10320968 | A | T | 0.470 | 0.10 | 0.02 | 1.51E-09 | 0.12 | 0.02 | 1.31E-08 | 0.110 | 0.013 | 1.11E-16 |
| rs35681 | 3:10329377 | C | T | 0.545 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 4.61E-10 | −0.11 | 0.02 | 1.56E-07 | −0.108 | 0.013 | 3.91E-16 |
| rs171407 | 3:10326169 | A | G | 0.571 | −0.09 | 0.02 | 4.30E-08 | −0.12 | 0.02 | 3.23E-09 | −0.106 | 0.013 | 1.34E-15 |
| rs164938 | 3:10315103 | T | G | 0.424 | −0.10 | 0.02 | 1.27E-08 | −0.10 | 0.02 | 1.54E-06 | −0.101 | 0.014 | 8.02E-14 |
| rs2241308 | 3:10295883 | A | G | 0.222 | −0.13 | 0.02 | 9.66E-10 | −0.11 | 0.03 | 2.67E-05 | −0.124 | 0.017 | 1.78E-13 |
| rs4684040b | 3:10379623 | G | A | 0.086 | 0.19 | 0.04 | 4.03E-08 | 0.21 | 0.04 | 9.47E-07 | 0.201 | 0.028 | 2.98E-13 |
| rs111796905 | 3:10210142 | A | G | 0.126 | −0.15 | 0.03 | 1.12E-08 | −0.11 | 0.03 | 1.08E-03 | −0.134 | 0.021 | 8.88E-11 |
Abbreviations: Chr, chromosome; EA, effect allele; EAF, effect allele frequency in the discovery cohort; OA, other allele; SE, standard error.
*Beta coefficients represent the change in plasma ghrelin levels per additional effect allele. The Olink NPX Manager software was used for data analysis, and a one-unit higher NPX represents an approximate doubling of the measured plasma ghrelin levels.
aThe most robust (smallest P value) cis-SNP was associated with plasma ghrelin and used as a secondary genetic instrument in two-sample MR analyses.
bSNPs in low linkage disequilibrium were used as the primary genetic instrument in two-sample MR analyses. These SNPs were selected using clumping in the TwoSampleMR package in R with the European population as the reference population.