Fig 2. Host cell invasion by UPEC does not require active host transcription or protein synthesis.

BECs were treated with actinomycin D (ACD, 5 μg/mL), cycloheximide (CHX, 26 μM), or carrier (ethanol) alone for 30 min and then infected in the continued presence of the inhibitors with UTI89 for 2 h followed by a 2-h incubation in medium containing gentamicin. Graphs show levels of (A) host cell-associated bacteria and (B) intracellular, gentamicin-protected bacteria, with bars indicating mean values. Data from three independent experiments performed in triplicate are expressed relative to controls that were treated with carrier (EtOH) alone. P values, as calculated by Student’s t tests, were all ≥ 0.28.