Table 2.
Risk factors associated with acute brain injury in multivariable logistic regression analysis in peripheral VA-ECMO patients with cardiogenic shock.
| aOR | Lower 95% CI | Upper 95% CI | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (by 10 years) | 1.04 | 0.99 | 1.08 | 0.16 |
| Female sex | 0.92 | 0.80 | 1.05 | 0.22 |
| Body mass index (by 10 kg/m2) | 1.15 | 0.52 | 2.53 | 0.72 |
| Pre-ECMO variables | 1.04 | 0.98 | 1.11 | 0.23 |
| Additional temporary mechanical circulatory support | 0.99 | 0.86 | 1.13 | 0.84 |
| Vasopressor infusions | 0.90 | 0.78 | 1.03 | 0.13 |
| Cardiac arrest | 2.05 | 1.78 | 2.36 | <0.001 |
| On-ECMO variables | ||||
| Pulse pressure ≤ 10 mm Hg | 1.25 | 1.06 | 1.48 | 0.01 |
| PaO2 (by 10 mm Hg) | 0.991 | 0.986 | 0.996 | <0.001 |
| pH (decreasing, per 0.1 units) | 7.59 | 0.002 | 2.25E4 | 0.62 |
| Delta PaCO2 (by 10 mm Hg) | 1.10 | 1.05 | 1.15 | <0.001 |
| On-ECMO Complications | ||||
| Hemolysis | 1.81 | 1.42 | 2.32 | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 1.41 | 1.19 | 1.66 | <0.001 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 1.41 | 1.23 | 1.61 | <0.001 |
Missing values were handled with multiple imputations to increase statistical power. Pre-ECMO temporary mechanical circulatory support consisted of an intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella, and left ventricular assist devices. Pre-ECMO vasopressor infusions included dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, and vasopressin. Hemolysis was defined as a peak plasma hemoglobin of at least 50 mg/dL occurring at least once during the ECMO run and sustained for at least 2 consecutive days. aOR: adjusted odds ratio CI: confidence interval. ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. PaO2: arterial partial pressure of oxygen. PaCO2: arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide.