Table 1.

FAMS-T1D message types, frequencies, and content examples.

Message type	Person with Diabetes (PWD)	Support Person (SP)
One-way texts tailored to the PWD's name and goal type and to the recipients' preferred time of day	Sent 3–4 days per week (every other day). Some texts provide general information, tips, and encouragement for self-management and engaging friends/family in self-management support. Example text: "If you are having a hard time meeting your SMART goal, talking with a friend or family member might be helpful. Brainstorm together." Some texts are tailored to self-management goal type. Example texts for BG monitoring goals: "Increasing your BG checking by even one check per day will help you manage your diabetes. You can meet your goal in small steps."	Sent 3–4 days per week (every other day). Some texts provide general information, tips, and encouragement for providing support to the PWD. Example text: "Some of your support efforts might not go exactly the way you wanted, but don’t give up! Remember, Adam chose you for a reason!" Some texts are tailored to self-management goal type set by the PWD in coaching: Example BG monitoring text: "Remembering to monitor BG throughout the day isn’t always easy. Ask Laura what you can do to help with her monitoring goal. You might find new ways!"
Interactive goal monitoring text tailored to the PWD's goal and preferred time of day	Sent daily (Monday-Saturday) at PWD's bedtime. Assesses achievement for PWDs' personal self-management goal: "Did you meet your SMART goal today, Mon, 6/15? Please reply Yes or No" Automated feedback is sent upon text response. "Yes" triggers a response like: "Keep up the good work!” "No" triggers a response like: "Here's a tip: If you know you have a busy day ahead of you, prepare the night before so you have your supplies when you need them. It helps to plan ahead."	Not applicable for SPs.
Interactive reflection text tailored to the PWD's goal and the recipients' preferred time of day	Sent once weekly on Sunday. Provides opportunity to reflect on progress and make a plan for next week: "This week is done! Your SMART goal was to ________________. What went well or got in the way? Reply with a brief reflection" PWDs who respond get automated feedback right away: "Thanks for this info! Your coach will reach out this week with some feedback."	Sent once weekly on Sunday. Assesses support given to the PWD each week: "This week is done! Reflect on how you supported Jessica this week. Reply with what went well or what could go better next week" SP participants who respond get automated feedback right away: "Thanks for your response!'
Non-Automated Message from Coach	Sent once weekly on Monday in response to PWD responses to the goal assessment text. Coach-written text message response, which is specific to them and their goal and last coaching session. Examples of real coach-written messages: "Hi John, this your coach. You're right - planning almost always helps! I hope you at least had fun on your road trip. Keep up the good work!" "Hi Sarah, this is your coach! Great job on staying consistent with recording. I bet your doctor will be happy to have some data to work with! Keep it up."	Not applicable for SPs.