Hydroxyurea (HU) treatment did not significantly affect performance on the 0- to 2-back tasks or on the neurocognitive tests. Reaction time (A), balanced accuracy (B), commission errors (C), and omission errors (D) of 0-,1-, and 2-back tasks were measured pre-treatment and 1-year follow-up. Neurocognitive tests (E) were also measured at pre-treatment and 1-year follow-up (post). When compared across HU and non-HU control groups at the 1-year follow-up time point, the balanced accuracy and commission errors of the 0-back task were significantly different. Red and gray bold lines represent the means of the HU and the non-HU control groups, respectively. Light red and light gray markers represent individual data points in the HU and the non-HU control groups, respectively. * p <.05 (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and # p <.05 (Wilcoxon signed-rank test).