Table 5A.
Bivariate analysis of the HL scores and personal and socio-demographic variables among the general adult population in Qatar 2022.
| FUN HL | COM HL | CR HL | Overall HL | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (±SD) | P -value | Mean (±SD) | P -value | Mean (±SD) | P -value | Mean (±SD) | P -value | |
| Age categories | 0.005 * | 0.004 * | 0.006 * | 0.010 * | ||||
| 18–30 | 3.6 (± 1.7) | 4.8 (±1.3) | 6.7 (±2.6) | 15.2 (±3.7) | ||||
| 31–45 | 3.8 (± 1.5) | 5.0 (±1.4) | 6.8 (±2.5) | 15.5 (±3.3) | ||||
| 46–60 | 3.5 (± 1.7) | 5.3 (±1.0) | 6.9 (±2.7) | 15.7 (±3.5) | ||||
| ≥61 | 3.2 (± 1.6) | 5.3 (±1.1) | 5.8 (±2.7) | 14.3 (±3.7) | ||||
| Gender | 0.575 | 0.176 | 0.109 | 0.824 | ||||
| Men | 3.7 (± 1.5) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 6.5 (±2.7) | 15.4 (±3.7) | ||||
| Women | 3.6 (± 1.7) | 5.0 (±1.3) | 6.8 (±2.5) | 15.4 (±3.3) | ||||
| Ethnic group | 0.023 * | < 0.001 * | 6 | 0.628 | 0.415 | |||
| Arab | 3.5 (± 1.6) | 5.2 (±1.0) | 0.7 (±2.7) | 15.5 (±3.5) | ||||
| Non-Arab | 3.8 (± 1.6) | 4.8 (±1.5) | 6.6 (±2.5) | 15.3 (±3.5) | ||||
| Nationality | 0.004 * | 0.256 | 0.049 * | 0.009 * | ||||
| Qatari | 3.3 (± 1.8) | 5.2 (± 1.2) | 6.3 (±2.6) | 14.8 (±3.5) | ||||
| Non-Qatari | 3.7 (±1.5) | 5.0 (±1.3) | 6.8 (±2.6) | 15.7 (±3.5) | ||||
| Education | < 0.001 * | 0.313 | < 0.001 * | < 0.001 * | ||||
| No formal education | 1.8 (± 1.7) | 5.0 (±1.1) | 5.9 (±2.3) | 12.8 (±3.4) | ||||
| 5.1 (±1.3) | 5.3 (±2.6) | 13.6 (±3.5) | ||||||
| Primary school | 3.1 (± 1.5) | 5.0 (±1.5) | 6.3 (±3.1) | 14.1 (±4.1) | ||||
| Preparatory school | 2.8 (± 2.0) | 4.8 (±1.8) | 6.0 (±2.6) | 14.1 (±3.4) | ||||
| Secondary school | 3.2 (± 1.6) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 6.9 (±2.5) | 15.8 (±3.2) | ||||
| University graduate | 3.8 (± 1.5) | 5.2 (±1.3) | 7.5 (±2.5) | 17.0 (±3.8) | ||||
| Postgraduate study | 4.3 (± 1.6) | 5.6 (±0.5) | 3.2 (±1.3) | 11.6 (±3.6) | ||||
| Occupation | 0.219 | 0.643 | 0.630 | 0.403 | ||||
| Healthcare provider | 3.5 (± 1.4) | 5.0 (±1.3) | 6.5 (±2.7) | 15.1 (±3.6) | ||||
| Housewife | 3.5 (± 1.7) | 4.9 (±1.4) | 6.4 (±2.5) | 14.8 (±3.7) | ||||
| Manual worker | 3.8 (± 1.6) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 6.5 (±2.6) | 15.3 (±3.3) | ||||
| Office worker | 3.6 (± 1.6) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 6.8 (±2.6) | 15.5 (±3.5) | ||||
| Retired | 3.7 (±1.6) | 5.2 (±1.3) | 6.4 (±2.4) | 15.3 (±3.5) | ||||
| Student | 2.9 (±1.5) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 7.3 (±2.6) | 15.3 (±3.8) | ||||
| Un-employed | 4.1 (±1.4) | 5.1 (±1.0) | 7.1 (±2.8) | 16.3 (±3.2) | ||||
| Income in QAR per month | 0.232 | < 0.001 * | 0.063 | 0.002 * | ||||
| < 10,000 10,000–30,000 |
3.6 (±1.6) 3.7 (±1.5) | 4.8 (±1.5) 5.1 (±1.2) | 6.6 (±2.7) 6.9 (±2.8) | 14.9 (±3.6) 15.8 (±3.6) | ||||
| >30,000–50,000 | 3.5 (±1.4) | 5.3 (±1.1) | 7.3 (±2.2) | 16.0 (±3.2) | ||||
| >50,000 | 4.1 (±1.5) | 5.6 (±0.8) | 7.4 (±2.2) | 17.1 (±3.4) | ||||
| I do not want to answer | 3.6 (±1.7) | 5.1 (±1.0) | 6.3 (±2.5) | 15.0 (±3.2) | ||||
| Mother language | 0.401 | 0.861 | 0.519 | 0.852 | ||||
| Arabic | 3.7 (±1.6) | 5.0 (±1.3) | 6.6 (±2.6) | 15.3 (±3.6) | ||||
| English | 3.9 (±1.8) | 5.0 (±1.2) | 6.9 (±2.2) | 15.8 (±3.1) | ||||
| Urdu | 3.3 (±1.6) | 5.2 (±1.3) | 7.3 (±3.1) | 15.7 (±4.6) | ||||
| Other | 3.6 (±1.6) | 5.1 (±1.2) | 6.6 (±2.6) | 15.3 (±3.3) | ||||
| Marital status | 0.232 | 0.643 | 0.587 | 0.682 | ||||
| Single | 3.8 (±1.5) | 4.9 (±1.4) | 6.5 (±2.7) | 15.3 (±3.7) | ||||
| Married | 3.6 (±1.6) | 5.1 (±1.3) | 6.8 (±2.6) | 15.4 (±3.5) | ||||
| Widow | 3.1 (±1.7) | 5.2 (±1.0) | 6.4 (±2.5) | 14.6 (±2.9) | ||||
| Divorced | 3.6 (±1.8) | 5.3 (±1.0) | 6.5 (±2.3) | 15.5 (±3.7) | ||||
*P < 0.05.