Table 1. . Influential uses of real-world evidence discussed in appraisals since the publication of NICE's RWE framework in June 2022 (non-exhaustive).

RWE use discussed by NICE committee	Appraisal	Ref.
To demonstrate the generalisability of trail evidence to the UK population for patient characteristics	TA904, TA883	[18,19]
To estimate cost-per-use for diagnostic technology	DG48	[20]
To estimate baseline event rates, in modelling, to which relative effects from trial data are applied	TA897	[21]
To demonstrate an early signal of value for conditional recommendation of a digital therapy	HTE9	[22]
To scrutinize or support extrapolated outcomes in economic modelling	TA883, TA870, TA864, TA801	[19,23,24,25]
To enable effectiveness, or cost-effectiveness estimation for an important subpopulation	TA880, HST23	[26,27]
To provide reassurance that outcomes observed in key trial data are reflected in routine practice	TA872	[28]
As the main source of comparative effectiveness evidence	HST22, TA855, TA850	[29,30,31]
To estimate dose in clinical practice, and therefore, costs	TA866, TA808	[32,33]
To estimate rates of complications beyond the duration of available trial data and health state transition probabilities in economic modelling	TA860, TA804	[34,35]
To provide supportive evidence for an uncertain indirect treatment comparison	TA816	[36]

NICE: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; RWE: Real-world evidence.