Table 4. . Observed pre-index period and estimated follow-up average rates of healthcare resource utilization events.

Outcome variable	Observed annualized pre-index period rates		Annualized follow-up rates
	Treated mean (SD) (n = 389)	Control mean (SD) (n = 389)	Treated mean (SD) (n = 389)	Control mean (SD) (n = 389)
Care-adjusted hospital encounter	3.70 (7.75)	3.73 (7.77)	4.17 (0.45)†	6.08 (0.76)
Care-adjusted ER	0.71 (2.20)	0.65 (2.02)	0.62 (0.08)†	0.91 (0.09)
Assisted ventilation	0.99 (6.78)	0.76 (6.41)	1.87 (0.19)†	3.06 (0.53)
Cardiac management	1.49 (2.93)	1.40 (2.70)	1.39 (0.10)†	1.76 (0.13)
Cough assist device	0.41 (1.73)	0.45 (1.93)	0.67 (0.08)	0.76 (0.10)
ER days	0.42 (1.09)	0.39 (1.15)	0.36 (0.05)†	0.53 (0.06)
Hospital days	1.97 (4.12)	1.82 (3.47)	1.89 (0.18)†	2.86 (0.35)
Care-adjusted ICU	0.13 (1.13)	0.05 (0.51)	0.25 (0.05)	0.27 (0.07)
ICU days	0.12 (1.05)	0.05 (0.43)	0.22 (0.04)	0.24 (0.06)
Motorized wheelchair	0.82 (2.30)	0.77 (2.19)	0.94 (0.09)	0.96 (0.07)
Pulmonary management	0.96 (3.46)	0.85 (3.85)	1.33 (0.18)†	1.98 (0.29)
Scoliosis	0.92 (6.04)	0.53 (1.89)	0.99 (0.21)	1.24 (0.34)
Tracheostomy	0.98 (11.07)	0.80 (7.24)	0.90 (0.17)†	6.50 (3.47)

^†Rates estimated from statistically significant model coefficients (i.e., p < 0.05).

ER: Emergency room; ICU: Intensive care unit; SD: Standard deviation.