Table 2.

Classification of keloid drugs and methods.

Therapeutic method	Mechanism of action	Effect efficacy
Glucocorticoid drugs Triamcinolone acetonide	Reduces fibroblast proliferation Reduces collagen production Inhibits the inflammatory response	Lower height, improves flexibility, redness, and relieves itching and pain (56)
Antitumor drug 5-Fluouracil, tamoxifen, mitomycin C	Reduces fibroblast proliferation Reduces collagen production Enhances apoptosis	Reduces the height, improves its flexibility, relieves itching, pain and other diseases (59–61)
Botox type A	Inhibits the fibroblast proliferation Enhances collagen decomposition	Improves pain and itching and induces apoptosis in fibroblasts (62, 63)
Immunomodulator Tacrolimus, 5% imiquimod cream, interferon	Inhibits angiogenesis Inhibits the inflammatory response Inhibits fibroblast proliferation Promotes collagen decomposition Reduces collagen production	Reduces the height, relieves itching, inhibits recurrence, focuses on prevention (64, 65)
Dyazide Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, verapamil	Inhibits the fibroblast proliferation Reduces collagen production Promotes collagen decomposition Inducts collagen remodeling	Reduces height, improves vascular condition, pigmentation, and flexibility (68–70, 72, 73)
Other new organics therapy Vitamin A, vitamin D, natural plant organics therapy	Reducts fibroblast proliferation Enhances HOXA5 Reduces collagen production Enhances apoptosis	Improves chronic inflammation, prevents expansion into circumscribed normal skin, and reduces keloid thickness (78, 81)