Table 3.

Classification of keloid biological methods.

Therapeutic method	Mechanism of action	Effect efficacy
RNA-based therapy MiRNA, lncRNA, circRNA	Inhibits fibroblast proliferation and migration, and enhances apoptosis Inhibits collagen production	Inhibits keloid formation (92)
Cytokine-based therapy TGF-β, epidermal growth factor	Regulates gene expression Inhibits fibroblast proliferation Reduces extracellular matrix deposition Regulates skin fibroblasts Inhibits collagen production Promotes collagen breakdown	Enhances skin homeostasis and promotes wound healing (107)
Enzyme inhibitor Tyrosinase inhibitors, heat shock protein	Inhibits fibroblast proliferation Enhances apoptosis Inhibits angiogenesis Inhibits collagen accumulation	Inhibits keloid formation, improves inflammation, and ameliorates stress syndrome (112, 113)
Component fat transplant Fat stem cells Nano fat The stromal vascular component of the fat	Inhibits fibroblasts proliferation Reduces the inflammatory response Inducts collagen remodeling	Reduces height, improves color, flexibility, and relieves pain (116–120)
Platelet-rich plasma	Reduces the inflammatory response Reduces collagen synthesis Promotes collagen remodeling	Improves pigment, flexibility, and relieves itching (122)